Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A2013
Cellular Control of Connective Tissue Matrix Tension
H M Langevin, M Nedergaard, A HoweThis review article explores how fibroblasts, the cells within connective tissue, actively help regulate tissue tension. Traditionally, the mechanical properties of connective tissue have been attributed to its passive…
Connective tissuefibroblastmechanicalatpcytoskeleton - A++2013
Cell-to-cell signaling through light: just a ghost of chance?
Ondřej Kučera, Michal CifraThis paper examines the physical feasibility of cell-to-cell communication via weak light signals, often referred to as biophotons. The researchers analyze whether electromagnetic signaling is possible when considering…
Cell signalingbiophotonsphoton emission - C2013
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a cell-surface endocytosis receptor
Helena C Christianson, Mattias BeltingIn this review, the authors discuss how large molecules enter the body's cells. They focus on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), a type of molecule on the cell surface that acts as a receptor or docking station. Man…
GlycosaminoglycanExosomesDrug deliveryMacromoleculesMembrane transport - C2013
Of Mice, Men and Elephants: The Relation between Articular Cartilage Thickness and Body Mass
Jos Malda, Janny C de Grauw, Kim E M Benders, Marja J L Kik, Chris H A van de Lest, Laura B Creemers, Wouter J A Dhert,…This study investigated how articular cartilage adapts to body size across different mammals. Researchers analyzed cartilage from the knee joints of 58 species, ranging from mice to elephants. They found that while cart…
fasciamammalsarticular cartilagetissue ticknessosteochondral cores - A++2013
Vibration Induced Osteogenic Commitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced by Cytoskeletal Remodeling but not Fluid Shear
Gunes Uzer, Suphannee Pongkitwitoon, M Ete Chan, Stefan JudexThis laboratory study investigated how mechanical vibrations encourage stem cells to develop into bone cells. Researchers tested two potential mechanisms: the force of fluid moving across the cells (fluid shear) and cha…
fasciaBonedifferentiationProliferationvibrations - A++2013
Ascorbate supplementation inhibits growth and metastasis of B16FO melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitamin-C deficient mice
John Cha, M Waheed Roomi, Vadim Ivanov, Tatiana Kalinovsky, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki, Matthias RathThis animal study investigated how Vitamin C (ascorbate) supplementation affects cancer growth in mice that, like humans, cannot produce their own. Researchers injected melanoma or breast cancer cells into two groups of…
Tumor growthinterleukin-6apoptosismetastasisascorbate - A2013
Molecular assembly and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix: A fibrous protein perspective
Lisa D Muiznieks, Fred W KeeleyThis review article examines the extracellular matrix (ECM), the dynamic network of molecules surrounding our cells. The authors focus on fibrous proteins like collagen and elastin, which form the structural backbone of…
fasciaextracellular matrixcollageneastinself-assembly - B2013
TGF-β: Guardian of T Cell Function
Soyoung A Oh, Ming O LiIn this review article, the authors discuss the role of the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) in the immune system. TGF-β is critical for regulating T cells, a type of white blood cell central to the adap…
cytokinesimmune systemTGF-betaT-cells - A2013
Heparan sulfate in the nucleus and its control of cellular functions
Mark D Stewart, Ralph D SandersonThis narrative review discusses the roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) inside the cell nucleus. These molecules are typically found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they help regula…
ProteoglycanSyndecan-1Nuclear localizationChromatin modificationProliferation - C2013
What Lies Beneath: Sub-Articular Long Bone Shape Scaling in Eutherian Mammals and Saurischian Dinosaurs Suggests Different Locomotor Adaptations for Gigantism
Matthew F Bonnan, D Ray Wilhite, Simon L Masters, Adam M Yates, Christine K Gardner, Adam AguiarThis study explored why giant dinosaurs were more common than giant mammals by examining their joint structures. Researchers compared the long bones of large mammals like elephants and rhinos with those of saurischian d…
fasciaeutherian mammalsdinosaursherbivoresgiant mammals - A2013
Helical Structure of the Cardiac Ventricular Anatomy Assessed by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Multiresolution Tractography
Ferran Poveda, Debora Gil, Enric Marti, Albert,aluz, Manel Ballester, Francesc CarrerasIn this animal study, researchers used advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer modeling to visualize the complex fiber structure of the heart muscle in dogs. They developed an automated method to trace th…
fasciaheartifdfusion magnetic resonance imagingdiffusion tractographyhelical heart - A++2013
Mathematical Analysis of the Flow of Hyaluronic Acid Around Fascia During Manual Therapy Motions
Max Roman, Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Antonio Stecco,Thomas FindleyThis study used a mathematical model to simulate how different manual therapy techniques affect the flow of hyaluronic acid (HA) within fascia. The researchers compared constant sliding, perpendicular vibration, and tan…
hyaluronanfasciaManual Therapyfluid flowvibration - 1A+2013
History of Bioelectrical Study and the Electrophysiology of the Primo Vascular System
Sang Hyun Park, Eung Hwi Kim, Ho Jong Chang, Seung Zhoo Yoon, Ji Woong Yoon, Seong-Jin Cho, Yeon-Hee RyuThis review paper summarizes the history of research on the bioelectrical properties of the primo vascular system (PVS), also known as the Bonghan system. This system has been proposed as a novel circulatory system in t…
primo vascular systemelectrophysiologybioelectrical signals - A++2013
The application of matrix rhythm therapy as a new clinical modality in burn physiotherapy programmes
Zübeyir Sarı, Mine Gülden Polat, Bahar Özgül, Onur Aydogdu, Burcu Camcıoglu, Ahmet Hakan Acar, Saadet Ufuk YurdalanThis study investigated the use of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT) as part of a physiotherapy program for patients with upper extremity burn injuries. A group of patients received a treatment protocol that included whirlpoo…
Matrix Rhythm TherapyBurnsPhysiotherapy and rehabilitation - A2013
Purine receptor mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling of human fibroblasts
Nanna Goldman, Devin Chandler-Militello, Helene Langevin, Maiken Nedergaard, Takahiro TakanoThis laboratory study investigated how certain molecules, called purines, affect human fibroblast cells. Previous research has shown that acupuncture can trigger the release of purines like ATP. The researchers exposed…
fasciacytoskeletonacupunctureFibroblastscalcium signaling - A+2013
R-Spondin 1 promotes vibration-induced bone formation in mouse models of osteoporosis
Haitao Wang, Tracy A Brennan, Elizabeth Russell, Jung-Hoon Kim, Kevin P Egan, Qijun Chen, Craig Israelite, David C Schu…This animal study on mice investigated how mechanical signals, like vibration, can stimulate bone growth. Researchers identified proteins secreted by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in response to vibration. They fo…
Mechanical signals; vibration; R-spondin 1; telomerase; telomere; aging; osteoporosis; mesenchymal stem cells - A2012
Myoton Pro: A Novel Tool for the Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Fascial Tissues
Aleko Peipsi, Ricardas Kerpe, Heike Jäger, Sonja Soeder, Christopher Gordon, Robert SchleipThis research entry, for which only the title is available, appears to introduce a device called the MyotonPRO. The title suggests its purpose is to assess the mechanical properties of fascial tissues, such as their sti…
fasciaMyotone Pro - A2012
Earthing: Health Implications of Reconnecting the Human Body to the Earth’s Surface Electrons
Gaétan Chevalier, Stephen T Sinatra, James L Oschman, Karol Sokal, Pawel SokalThis 2012 review paper explores the concept of 'earthing' or 'grounding,' which involves direct physical contact with the Earth's surface electrons. The authors propose that modern lifestyles separate humans from this c…
fasciaearthinggroundingearth surface electrons - A+++2012
Brain structure and joint hypermobility: relevance to the expression of psychiatric symptoms
Jessica A Eccles, Felix D C Beacher, Marcus A Gray, Catherine L Jones, Ludovico Minati, Neil A Harrison, Hugo D Critchl…This study investigated the relationship between joint hypermobility and brain structure in 72 healthy volunteers. Using structural brain scans, researchers found that the volume of the amygdala, a brain region importan…
Fibromyalgiaproprioceptionhypermobilitypsychiatric symptomsbrain structure - B2012
Fascia: a morphological description and classification system based on a literature review
Myroslava Kumka, Jason BonarIn this literature review, the authors address the historical problem of ambiguous and inconsistent terminology for fascia. Based on a review of existing research, they propose a new system for classifying fascia accord…
fasciaConnective tissueManual TherapyterminologyAnatomy - A2012
Mathematical model of fiber orientation in anisotropic fascia layers at large displacements
Hans Chaudhry, Max Roman, Antonio Stecco, Thomas FindleyResearchers developed a mathematical model to better understand how collagen fibers within fascia change their orientation when the tissue is stretched. The model suggests that fibers already angled away from the direct…
Fascial; Reinforcement; Collagen fibers; Re-orientation; Tension - A2012
Massage Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Signaling After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Justin D Crane, Daniel I Ogborn, Colleen Cupido, Simon Melov, Alan Hubbard, Jacqueline M Bourgeois, Mark A TarnopolskyThis study investigated how massage therapy affects skeletal muscle at a cellular level after exercise-induced damage. Researchers took muscle biopsies from 11 young men after an intense workout; one leg received 10 min…
fasciamassage therapyinflammatory cytokinesstretchstrain - A2012
CTGF is a central mediator of tissue remodeling and fibrosis and its inhibition can reverse the process of fibrosis
Kenneth E Lipson, Carol Wong, Yuchin Teng, Suzanne SpongFibrosis is a process of excessive connective tissue formation, leading to scarring and stiffness in organs. A protein called Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) plays a central role in driving this process. This res…
extracellular matrixfibrosisfascia CTGFtissue remodeling - A++2012
INTERSTITIAL FLUID AND LYMPH FORMATION AND TRANSPORT: PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION AND ROLES IN INFLAMMATION AND CANCER
Helge Wiig, Melody A SwartzThis 2012 review explores the interstitium, the fluid-filled space surrounding our cells that contains interstitial fluid (IF). Formed by filtration from blood capillaries and cleared by lymphatic vessels, IF and its fl…
ImmunologyLymphTumorinterstitiumfluid - A+++2012
Fascia as a body-wide communication system
James L OschmanThis abstract proposes that fascia acts as a body-wide communication system. The author draws an analogy to single-celled organisms, like a paramecium, which can perform complex functions without a nervous system by rel…
Fascia - A2012
Hyaluronic acid, A key molecule in skin aging
Eleni Papakonstantinou, Michael Roth, George KarakiulakisThis review article discusses the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in skin aging. The authors explain that youthful skin's plumpness and resilience are largely due to its high water content, which HA is uniquely able to ret…
CD44fasciaHyaluronic acidhyaluronic acid synthaseshyaluronidases - C2012
NGF-evoked sensitization of muscle fascia nociceptors in humans
Saskia Deising, Benjamin Weinkauf, James Blunk, Otilia Obreja, Martin Schmelz, Roman RukwiedThis study investigated whether nerve growth factor (NGF) can sensitize pain receptors in muscle fascia. Researchers injected a small amount of NGF into the fascia of the erector spinae muscle in the lower back of 14 ma…
hyperalgesialow back painmusculoskeletal painPressure pain - A2012
Primo Vascular System as a New Morphofunctional Integrated System
Miroslav Stefanov, Jungdae KimThis narrative review summarizes research on the primo vascular system (PVS), a proposed anatomical network found throughout the body. The authors describe the methods and instruments used to study this system, primaril…
fasciacancerphysiologyMorphologyprimo vascular system - A++2012
Vitamin C transport and its role in the central nervous system
James M MayThis review article explores the critical role of vitamin C in the central nervous system. Although it circulates in the blood at low concentrations, neurons in the brain and spinal cord maintain very high levels of the…
ascorbate transport; brain; dehydroascorbate; glutamate; neurons; SVCT2 - A++2012
Fluid Flow along Venous Adventitia in Rabbits: Is It a Potential Drainage System Complementary to Vascular Circulations?
Hong-yi Li, Min Chen, Jie-fu Yang, Chong-qing Yang, Liang Xu, Fang Wang, Jia-bin Tong, You Lv, Caidan SuonanIn this animal study on rabbits, researchers investigated a potential fluid drainage system within the body's connective tissue. By injecting tracers, they visualized pathways along the loose connective tissue surroundi…
interstitial fluidacupuncturefluid flow - B2012
Hyaluronan injection in murine osteoarthritis prevents TGFbeta 1-induced synovial neovascularization and fibrosis and maintains articular cartilage integrity by a CD44-dependent mechanism
Jun Li, Daniel J Gorski, Wendy Anemaet, Jennifer Velasco, Jun Takeuchi, John D Sandy, Anna PlaasIn this mouse study, researchers investigated how hyaluronan (HA) injections might protect joints in osteoarthritis. They found that even though the injected HA was cleared from the knee joint in under two hours, a sing…
hyaluronanCD44fibrosisTGF-beta1osteoarthritis - B2012
Hyaluronan differently modulates TLR-4 and the inflammatory response in mouse chondrocytes
Giuseppe M Campo, Angela Avenoso, Angela D’Ascola, Vera Prestipino, Michele Scuruchi, Giancarlo Nastasi, Alberto Calatr…This study on mouse cartilage cells investigated how different sizes of hyaluronan (HA) affect inflammation. Researchers found that small HA fragments increased the production of several inflammatory markers. In contras…
hyaluronancytokinesNF-kBtoll-like receptor-4chondrocytes - A2012
A RHAMM Mimetic Peptide Blocks Hyaluronan Signaling and Reduces Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in Excisional Skin Wounds
Cornelia Tolg, Sara R Hamilton, Ewa Zalinska, Lori McCulloch, Ripal Amin, Natalia Akentieva, Francoise Winnik, Rashmin…In this animal study, researchers investigated how to reduce scarring during skin wound healing. They developed a peptide, P15-1, designed to interfere with signals from fragmented hyaluronan, a molecule involved in inf…
hyaluronaninflammationfasciaextracellular matrixfibrosis - A++2012
Lymphatic and interstitial flow in the tumour microenvironment: linking mechanobiology with immunity
Melody A Swartz, Amanda W LundThis review explores how tumors interact with the lymphatic system to grow and spread. Increased fluid flow from a tumor to nearby lymph nodes does more than just transport cancer cells. This flow also creates mechanica…
fasciacancerstiffnessmechanobiologymicroenvironment - B2012
Recent Developments in Myofibroblast Biology
Boris Hinz, Sem H Phan, Victor J Thannickal, Marco Prunotto, Alexis Desmoulière, John Varga, Olivier De Wever, Marc Mar…This 2012 narrative review summarizes advances in understanding the myofibroblast, a specialized cell crucial for both normal wound healing and the development of fibrotic diseases. The authors discuss how these cells g…
fibrosisMyofibroblast - A++2012
Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging
Silke K Schagen, Vasiliki A Zampeli, Evgenia Makrantonaki, Christos C ZouboulisThis narrative review examines the relationship between nutrition and skin aging, focusing on how specific nutrients may protect against damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The authors describe how antioxidants such…
antioxidants; diet; fatty acids; flavonoids; nutrition; skin aging; ultraviolet protection; vitamins. - A2012
A theoretical framework for the role of fascia in manual therapy
Nigel Simmonds, Peter Miller, Hugh GemmellThis theoretical paper explores why different types of manual therapy, such as soft tissue work and joint manipulation, often seem to produce similar results. The authors compare these approaches based on their effects…
fasciaManual TherapyMyofascialManipulationautonomic nervous system - 1A+2012
Stretching of the Back Improves Gait, Mechanical Sensitivity and Connective Tissue Inflammation in a Rodent Model
S M Corey, M A Vizzard, N A Bouffard, G J Badger, H M LangevinIn this rodent study, researchers investigated how stretching affects inflammation in the connective tissue of the low back. They first induced local inflammation, which resulted in altered gait, increased mechanical se…
fasciaConnective tissueStretchingManual TherapyMovement Therapy - B2012
Mechanical strain applied to human fibroblasts differentially regulates skeletal myoblast differentiation
Michael R Hicks, Thanh V Cao, David H Campbell, Paul R StandleyThis laboratory study investigated how different types of stretching affect muscle repair at a cellular level. Researchers applied two types of strain to human fibroblasts (connective tissue cells) and observed the effe…
myotubescocultureinterleukin-6 - A2012
Human myometrium – the ultrastructural 3D network of telocytes
Sanda M Cretoiu, Dragos Cretoiu, Laurentiu M PopescuThis study examined a relatively new type of cell, the telocyte, within the human myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus. Using advanced microscopy, researchers visualized these cells and their very long extension…
telocytes ! telopodes ! podoms ! podomers ! human uterus ! extracellular vesicles - A2012
An MRI Study of Symptomatic Adhesive Capsulitis
Wen Zhao, Xiaofeng Zheng, Yuying Liu, Wenlu Yang, Vardan Amirbekian, Luis E Diaz, Xudong HuangThis study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the shoulders of 60 patients with clinically diagnosed adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) to 60 healthy control subjects. Researchers found significant diff…
Adhesive capsulitisShoulderMagnetic resonance imaging - A2012
Mechanical properties of human patellar tendon at the hierarchical levels of tendon and fibril
René B Svensson, Philip Hansen, Tue Hassenkam, Bjarki T Haraldsson, Per Aagaard, Vuokko Kovanen, Michael Krogsgaard, Mi…Researchers investigated how the mechanical properties of the whole human patellar tendon compare to its individual collagen fibrils. They tested whole tendons in living subjects and then tested isolated fibrils from th…
atomic force microscopy; collagen; fibril dimensions; modulus; toe region - A+2012
The role of stromal cells in the persistence of chronic inflammation
A J Naylor, A Filer, C D BuckleyThis review article explores why chronic inflammation often persists in specific anatomical locations. The authors highlight that stromal cells, particularly the fibroblasts that define a tissue's architecture, are like…
inflammationfasciafibroblastchronicpersistence - A2012
Real-time imaging of cortical areas involved in the generation of increases in skin sympathetic nerve activity when viewing emotionally charged images
Luke A Henderson, Alexandra Stathis, Cheree James, Rachael Brown, Skye McDonald, Vaughan G MacefieldThis study investigated which brain regions are involved when our bodies react to emotional images. Researchers simultaneously measured brain activity with fMRI and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), a marker of th…
fasciaMRIIASP imagesmicroneurographyskin sympathetic nerve activity - A++2012
Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease
Kirsty Brown, Daniella DeCoffe, Erin Molcan, Deanna L GibsonThis 2012 narrative review explores the connection between diet, gut microbes, and the immune system. The gastrointestinal tract must balance tolerance for harmless bacteria and food with responsiveness to pathogens. An…
inflammationnutritionintestinal microbiotadisease susceptibility - A2012
The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations
Frank H Willard, Andry Vleeming, M D Schuenke, L Danneels, Robert SchleipThis overview paper examines the anatomy and function of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), the complex sheet of connective tissue in the lower back. The authors describe its multiple layers, which separate and connect the…
fasciathoracolumbarfascia - A+++2012
Total antioxidant capacity of diet and risk of stroke: a population-based prospective cohort of women
Susanne Rautiainen, Susanna Larsson, Jarmo Virtamo, Alicja WolkThis Swedish population-based study examined the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity of the diet and stroke risk in over 36,000 women. By measuring the combined effect of all antioxidants in food rather…
Antioxidantsstroke - A+2012
Nutritional regulation of muscle protein synthesis with resistance exercise: strategies to enhance anabolism
Tyler A Churchward-Venne, Nicholas A Burd, Stuart M PhillipsIn this 2012 review article, the authors discuss how nutrition can regulate muscle protein synthesis, especially when combined with resistance exercise. Consuming protein (amino acids) stimulates muscle building, an eff…
MusclenutritionhypertrophyAnabolic intramuscular signaling - A2012
Strain hardening of fascia: Static stretching of dense fibrous connective tissues can induce a temporary stiffness increase accompanied by enhanced matrix hydration
Robert Schleip, Lutz Duerselen, Andry Vleeming, Ian L Naylor, Frank Lehmann-Horn, Adjo Zorn, Heike Jaeger, Werner Kling…This study investigated why fascia sometimes gets stiffer after being stretched and then rested, a phenomenon called strain hardening. Researchers stretched fascia samples from mice and pigs, finding that after a 15-min…
Lumbar fascia; Paraspinal tissues; Stiffness; Hydration; Stretching - A+2012
The effect of menopause on the skin and other connective tissues
J Calleja-Agius, M BrincatThis narrative review examines how menopause and the resulting decline in estrogen affect the body's connective tissues, particularly the skin. Research suggests that skin collagen levels drop significantly following me…
collagenageingskin tissuemenopauseoestrogen - A2011
The Genetics of Vitamin C Loss in Vertebrates
Guy Drouin, Jean-Rémi Godin, Benoît PagéThis narrative review explores why some vertebrate species, including humans, cannot produce their own Vitamin C. The inability to synthesize this crucial nutrient, important for collagen and antioxidant functions, stem…
BiosynthesisVitamin CAscorbic acidGLO geneL-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase - A++2011
Review of Evidence Suggesting That the Fascia Network Could Be the Anatomical Basis for Acupoints and Meridians in the Human Body
Yu Bai, Jun Wang, Jin-Peng Wu, Jing-Xing Dai, Ou Sha, David Tai Wai Yew, Lin Yuan, Qiu-Ni LiangThis narrative review explores the idea that the body's fascia network could be the physical structure behind traditional Chinese medicine's (TCM) meridians and acupoints. The authors examine anatomical, physiological,…
fasciaacupunctureacupoints - A2011
Structure and function of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix
Allison R Gillies, Richard L LieberThis narrative review explores the extracellular matrix (ECM), the connective tissue network within skeletal muscle. The authors describe the ECM's crucial roles in transmitting force and in muscle maintenance and repai…
Skeletal muscle; extracellular matrix; collagen; biomechanics; fibrosis - A2011
Fascia and the mechanism of acupuncture
Steven Finando, Donna FinandoThis theoretical paper re-evaluates the mechanisms of acupuncture. The authors propose that fascia, the body's connective tissue network, is the structure that explains how acupuncture works. They argue for this model b…
fasciaacupunctureShamPlaceboMechanism - A2011
Remodeling and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix: implications for fibrotic diseases and cancer
Thomas R Cox, Janine T ErlerIn this perspective article, the authors discuss how the extracellular matrix (ECM) is constantly being remodeled, a process essential for normal bodily functions like wound healing and tissue maintenance. When this rem…
fasciaextracellular matrixcancerfibrosisstiffness - A2011
Sensory Innervation of the Thoracolumbar Fascia in Rats and Humans
J Tesarz, U Hoheisel, B Wiedenhöfer, S MenseThis study investigated the nerve supply of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF), the connective tissue of the low back, in both rats and humans. Researchers found that the fascia is richly innervated with sensory nerves, but…
fasciaNociceptionThoracolumbar fascialow back painimmunohistochemistry - A2011
Sensory Innervation of the Nonspecialized Connective Tissues in the Low Back of the Rat
Sarah M Corey, Margaret A Vizzard, Gary J Badger, Helene M LangevinIn this animal study, researchers investigated the sensory nerves in the nonspecialized connective tissue of the rat low back, an area where knowledge is limited. Using 3D reconstruction and dye-labeling techniques, the…
fasciaConnective tissueinnervationlow back painmusculoskeletal pain - A2011
Exercise training reduces fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation in the aging rat heart
Hyo-Bum Kwak, Jong-hee Kim, Kumar Joshi, Alvin Yeh, Daniel A Martinez, John M LawlerIn this animal study, researchers investigated how exercise affects age-related fibrosis (scarring) in the rat heart. They found that aging was associated with an increase in collagen and a dysregulation of enzymes call…
collagenRemodelingTIMP-1 - A2011
Pandiculation: Nature’s way of maintaining the functional integrity of the myofascial system?
Luiz Fernando BertolucciThis paper explores the hypothesis that pandiculation—the involuntary stretching and yawning most animals do upon waking—serves a key role for the locomotor system. Beyond preparing the nervous system for wakefulness, t…
fasciaConnective tissuemyofasciayawningsleep-wake rhythm - A+2011
Diet-induced metabolic acidosis
María M Adeva, Gema SoutoThe typical Western diet, high in animal products and low in fruits and vegetables, can lead to a state of chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis. This means the body becomes slightly more acidic, a situation that can wo…
Metabolic acidosisAmmonium ionsCitrateInsulin resistance