Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A2018
Hyaluronan in adipogenesis, adipose tissue physiology and systemic metabolism
Yi Zhu, llja L Kruglikov, Yucel Akgul, Philipp E SchererThis narrative review summarizes research on hyaluronic acid (HA), a sugar molecule abundant in the body's extracellular matrix. The functions of HA are largely dictated by its molecular size, and it is commonly used as…
HA - B2018
Global Expression Profiling Identifies a Novel Hyaluronan Synthases 2 Gene in the Pathogenesis of Lower Extremity Varicose Veins
Chia-Shan Hsieh, Chia-Ti Tsai, Yau-Hung Chen, Sheng-Nan Chang, Juey-Jen Hwang, Eric Y Chuang, I-HuiWuResearchers investigated the genetic factors behind varicose veins by comparing vein tissue from patients with and without the condition. They found that the gene hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) was significantly less acti…
varicose veins; HAS2; RNA seq - B2018
The Receptor for Hyaluronan- Mediated Motility (CD168) promotes inflammation and fibrosis after acute lung injury
Zheng Cui, Jie Liao, Naeun Cheongb, Christopher Longoria, Gaoyuan Cao, Horace M DeLisser, Rashmin C SavaniIn this animal study, researchers investigated the role of a specific receptor, RHAMM, in the body's response to acute lung injury. Using mouse models, they compared outcomes in mice that lacked the RHAMM receptor to th…
HA - B2018
Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function
F Martino, A R Perestrelo, V Vinarský, S Pagliari, G ForteIn this review article, the authors describe mechanotransduction—the process by which cells sense and respond to physical forces from their environment, such as the extracellular matrix. These mechanical cues are conver…
mechanotransductionnucleoskeletonfocal adhesionmechanobiologymechanosensor - A2018
Mineralization can be an incidental ultrasonographic finding in equine tendons and ligaments
Etienne J O O'Brien, Roger K W SmithIn this observational study on horses, researchers investigated the presence of mineralization, or calcium deposits, in tendons and ligaments using ultrasound. They found it was most common in the deep digital flexor te…
horsecalcificationDopplerossification - 1A+++2018
Emission of Biophotons and Adjustable Sounds by the Fascial System: Review and Reflections for Manual Therapy
Bruno Bordoni, F Marelli, B Morabito, B SacconiIn this narrative review, the authors explore how fascia, the web of connective tissue enveloping everything in the body, might communicate. They discuss research suggesting the fascial system may emit faint light parti…
fasciaMuscleManual TherapyMyofascialOsteopathic - A2018
Non-invasive Assessment of Lameness in Horses with Dorsal Spinous Process Impingement “Kissing spine”: A Case Study.
Adrian P Harrison, Anja Jensen, Karoline Holst Riis, Kiwa Riis-OlesenIn this case study, researchers examined a horse with recurring lameness and "kissing spine" using three non-invasive techniques. Acoustic myography was used to assess muscle activity and locate the injury, while bioimp…
Bioimpedance analysis; Accelerometry; Acoustic myography; lameness - A+++2018
Applied Myo-Fascial Advances in Veterinary Medicine and Practice
A P Harrison, V S ElbrøndThis review article summarizes recent advances in veterinary medicine with a focus on myofascia. It presents findings on the structure and function of these interconnected tissues, highlighting the benefits of treating…
acoustic myography; kinetic lines; bioimpedance; acupuncture; release therapy - A+++2018
Oral Intake of Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Improves Hydration, Elasticity, and Wrinkling in Human Skin: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Do-Un Kim, Hee-Chul Chung, Jia Choi, Yasuo Sakai, Boo-Yong LeeThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of daily low-molecular-weight collagen peptide (LMWCP) supplementation on the skin of 64 women. Over 12 weeks, researchers measured skin hydr…
collagen hydrolysate; collagen tripeptide; fish collagen; low-molecular-weight collagen peptide; photoaging; skin elasticity; skin hydration; skin wrinkling; type I collagen. - A+++2018
The kinetics of gut microbial community composition in patients with irritable bowel syndrome following fecal microbiota transplantation
Tarek Mazzawi, Gülen Arslan Lied, Dag André Sangnes, Magdy El-Salhy, Johannes R Hov, Odd Helge Gilja, Jan Gunnar Hatleb…This clinical study investigated how fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) affects gut bacteria and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thirteen patients received stool from healthy donors via gas…
irritable bowel syndromeIBSFecal microbiota transplantation - A+++2018
Cannabis sativa L. and Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids: Their Chemistry and Role against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer
Federica Pellati, Vittoria Borgonetti, Virginia Brighenti, Marco Biagi, Stefania Benvenuti, Lorenzo CorsiThis narrative review explores the chemical properties and health effects of non-psychoactive compounds found in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), focusing primarily on cannabidiol (CBD). The research suggests that CBD acts as…
cancerCannabinoidsOxidative stressiflammation - C2018
Sweet, yet underappreciated: Proteoglycans and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease
Geir Christensen, Kate M Heruma, Ida G LundeIn this review article, the authors discuss the role of proteoglycans in heart disease. Remodeling of the heart's extracellular matrix, which is common in several cardiac diseases, can lead to fibrosis and impaired func…
extracellular matrixHeart failureheartProteoglycansSyndecan - A2018
Treatment for cellulite
Neil SadickThis brief review summarizes the scientific evidence for various treatments for cellulite, a condition present in 80% to 90% of post-pubertal women. The author examines the safety and efficacy of methods ranging from to…
Cellulite pathophysiology adipocytes radiofrequency lasers - A++2018
Bone is fascia
Stephen LevinThis entry, based on its title alone, proposes a conceptual link between bone and fascia. Without an abstract or full text, the specific arguments made by the author remain unclear. The title 'Bone is fascia' suggests a…
fascia - A+++2018
Exclusion zone and heterogeneous water structure at ambient temperature
Seong G Hwang, Jun Ki Hong, Abha Sharma, Gerald H Pollack, Gun Woong BahngThis study investigates how water interacts with hydrophilic surfaces to form "exclusion zones" (EZ)—regions where water is more structured and dense than bulk water. Researchers found that water can form three-dimensio…
exclusion zone waterEZ waterstructured water - A+2018
Lymphatic System Flows
James E Moore Jr, Christopher D BertramThe lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the body's fluid balance by collecting fluid that has leaked from blood vessels and returning it to the bloodstream. This process works against an adverse pressure gradient,…
Physiology; Oedema; Cancer; Immunology; Lymph - A+++2018
Effects of local vibration therapy on various performance parameters: a narrative literature review
Darrin Germann, Amr El Bouse, Jordan Shnier, Nader Abdelkader, Mohsen KazemiThis narrative literature review examines how local muscle vibration (LMV) affects performance parameters such as strength, power, and range of motion. By applying vibrations directly to a specific muscle or tendon, LMV…
chiropractic; local muscle vibration; performance; vibration. - 1A+2018
Equine Manual Therapies in Sport Horse Practice
Kevin K HausslerManual therapies can provide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for assessing and managing neuromuscular coordination and strength in sport horses. This review describes various techniques, including active and passi…
osteopathyManual Therapyproprioceptionmassage therapyNeuromuscular control - A++2018
Low intensity vibration increases cartilage thickness in obese mice
Tee Pamon, Vincent Bhandal, Benjamin J Adler, M Ete Chan, Clinton T RubinThis animal study investigated if a high-fat diet affected cartilage thickness in mice and if low-intensity vibration (LIV) could offer protection. Contrary to expectations, the high-fat diet alone did not significantly…
osteoarthritis; chondrocytes; exercise; biomechanics; adaptation; stem cell - A2018
Chest pain in patients with COPD: the fascia’s subtle silence
Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Roberto CastagnaIn this article, the authors discuss potential causes of chest pain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They highlight that chest pain is common in COPD and propose that an often-overlooked so…
fasciadiaphragmmuscle painCOPDthoracic pain - A+++2018
Low-Intensity Vibration Improves Muscle Healing in a Mouse Model of Laceration Injury
Thomas F Corbiere, Eileen M Weinheimer-Haus, Stefan Judex, Timothy J KohIn this animal study, researchers investigated if low-intensity vibration (LIV) could improve healing of lacerated calf muscles in mice. The mice were divided into groups that received daily vibration treatment and a co…
skeletal muscle injury; laceration; low-intensity vibration; muscle regeneration; fibrosis - A2018
Measuring the Human Ultra-Weak Photon Emission Distribution Using an Electron-Multiplying, Charge-Coupled Device as a Sensor
Fernando Ortega-Ojeda, Matías Calcerrada, Alejandro Ferrero, Joaquín Campos, Carmen Garcia-RuizLiving systems, including humans, emit an extremely faint light called ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). This light is thought to be a byproduct of metabolic processes, particularly those involving reactive oxygen speci…
ultra-weak photon emission; spectrometer; measurement; electron multiplying charge coupled device sensor; liquid crystal tunable filter - A+++2018
Improvement of Functional Ankle Properties Following Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability
Patrick Dressler, Dominic Gehring, Denise Zdzieblik, Steffen Oesser, Albert Gollhofer, Daniel KönigThis randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of specific collagen peptides on athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Fifty athletes received either a daily collagen supplement or a placebo f…
collagennutritionAnkle sprainligaments - A++2018
Release of fascial compartment boundaries reduces muscle force output
Roy J Ruttiman, David A Sleboda,, Thomas J RobertsIn this animal study, researchers investigated how the fascial sheets that enclose muscles affect their function. They surgically removed the fascia from a wing muscle in wild turkeys to see how it changed the muscle's…
Muscletendoncompartmentfasciotomyintramuscular pressure - A++2018
Female hormones: do they influence muscle and tendon protein metabolism?
Mette HansenThis narrative review examines how female sex hormones, particularly estrogen, influence the metabolism of proteins in muscles and tendons. After menopause, declining hormone levels are associated with accelerated muscl…
ACL anterior cruciate ligament; ER oestrogen receptors; ERT oestrogen replacement therapy; HRT hormone replacement therapy; IGF-I insulin-like growth factor-I; OC oral contraceptive; Collagen; Hormone replacement therapy; Muscle strength; Oestrogen; Sarcopenia. - A++2018
Emerging Therapies for Spastic Movement Disorders
Preeti RaghavanSpasticity following a central nervous system injury can cause muscle stiffness, partly due to secondary changes in muscles and connective tissue. The 'hyaluronan hypothesis' suggests that an accumulation of hyaluronan,…
Spasticity; Muscle stiffness; Peripheral mechanism; Stroke; Brain Injury; Hyaluronidase; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronan hypothesis - A+++2018
Evidence is stronger than you think: a meta-analysis of vitamin C use in patients with sepsis
Jing LiThis commentary presents a meta-analysis of research on using vitamin C to treat sepsis. It builds upon two previous reviews by pooling their data for a combined statistical analysis. The aggregated results indicated a…
meta-analysisVitamin CAscorbic acidsepsisSevere sepsis - A+2018
Bone turnover markers after the menopause: T-score approach
Fatma Gossiel, Hibatallah Altaher, David M Reid, Christian Roux, Dieter Felsenberg, Claus-C Glüer, Richard EastellThis study investigated how bone turnover changes in women before and after menopause by measuring specific markers for bone formation (PINP) and bone resorption (CTX). The researchers found that bone turnover increases…
Bone mineral density; Bone turnover markers; Menopause; Osteoporosis - A++2018
Biotensegrity-Anatomy for the 21st Century Informing Yoga and Physiotherapy Concerning New Findings in Fascia Research
John SharkeyThis short article discusses how a new view of anatomy, called biotensegrity, is changing our understanding of the human body. This perspective focuses on fascia as a continuous, interconnected network that creates a un…
biotensegrityyogahuman anatomy - A+++2018
Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits
Bahare Salehi, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Manisha Nigam, Bilge Sener, Mehtap Kilic, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Patrick Valere Tsouh…This narrative review explores resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in grape skins, red wine, and various plants. Research suggests that this compound possesses significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiop…
anticancer; antimicrobial; antioxidant; pharmacological activity; physiological effects; resveratrol. - A2018
Muscle spindles of the rat sternomastoid muscle
Walter Giuriati, Barbara Ravara, Andrea Porzionato, Giovanna Albertin, Carla Stecco, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro,…This animal study on rats examined the sternomastoid muscle in the neck, which has a unique structure. Researchers found it has two distinct regions: a superficial "white" part with fast-twitch fibers and a deep "red" p…
ratsternomastoid musclemuscle spindlesfiber typestranslational studies - A+++2018
Depression and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure
Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Beatrice SacconiIn this review article, the authors discuss the connection between chronic heart failure (CHF), mental health, and diaphragm function. CHF is a serious, progressive condition often accompanied by depression and anxiety.…
anxiety • baroreceptors • chronic heart failure • diaphragm • depression • inflammatory cytokines • phrenic nerve • psychiatric disorders • rehabilitation • vagus nerve - A+++2018
Anatomical and Functional Relationships Between External Abdominal Oblique Muscle and Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia
Chenglei Fan, Caterina Fede, Nathaly Gaudreault, Andrea Porzionato, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele de Caro, Carla SteccoThis study investigated the anatomical connection between the external abdominal oblique muscle (EO) and the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) in the low back. Using both cadaveric dissection and CT scans, researchers found a…
external abdominal oblique muscle; fascia; lumbar; computed tomography - 1A+2018
Stretching Reduces Tumor Growth in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model
L Berrueta, J Bergholz, D Munoz, I Muskaj, G J Badger, A Shukla, H J Kim, J J Zhao, H M LangevinIn this mouse study, researchers investigated the effect of daily stretching on breast cancer tumors. Mice with implanted tumor cells were divided into two groups, with one group receiving gentle stretching for 10 minut…
StretchingTumor growthBreast cancer - A2018
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review
Remedios López-Liria, María de los Ángeles Varverde-Martínez, David Padilla-Góngora, Patricia Rocamora-PérezThis systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of different physiotherapy techniques for treating urinary incontinence in women. Researchers analyzed 16 studies covering methods such as pelvic floor exercises, vagin…
physiotherapywomenurinary incontinencepelvic floor muscle - A+++2018
Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues
Petros C Benias, Rebecca G Wells, Bridget Sackey-Aboagye, Heather Klavan, Jason Reidy, Darren Buonocore, Markus Miranda…Using a new imaging technique, researchers identified a previously unrecognized, fluid-filled structure within the body's connective tissues. This network of collagen bundles and fluid-filled spaces, which they term the…
interstitiuminterstitial spacesfascia fluid - A++2018
Assessment of pain quality reveals distinct differences between nociceptive innervation of low back fascia and muscle in humans
Andreas Schilder, Walter Magerl, Thomas Klein, Rolf-Detlef TreedeThis study explored whether pain from low back muscles is perceived differently than pain from the overlying fascia. Researchers used electrical stimulation in 16 healthy participants, who then described the induced pai…
Thoracolumbar fasciamultifidus musclePain qualityElectrical stimulationVerbal descriptors - A+++2018
Fascial tissue research in sports medicine: from molecules to tissue adaptation, injury and diagnostics: consensus statement
Martina Zügel, Constantinos N Maganaris, Jan Wilke, Karin Jurkat-Rott, Werner Klingler, Scott C Wearing, Thomas Findley…This consensus statement reviews the current state of knowledge on fascial tissue in sports medicine. It describes fascia as a body-wide network of connective tissue that integrates all body systems and is crucial for m…
fasciainjurysports medicine - C2018
Small leucine-rich proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinase-14: Key partners?
Katarzyna Pietraszek-Gremplewicz, Konstantina Karamanou, Aïchata Niang, Manuel Dauchez, Nicolas Belloy, François-Xavier…This narrative review summarizes research on a family of proteins called small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). These proteins are important regulators of the extracellular matrix and have been identified as potentia…
fibromodulinSLRPsLumicanDecorinBiglycan - A2018
The influence of breathing on the central nervous system
Bruno Bordoni, Shahin Purgol, Annalisa Bizzarri, Maddalena Modica, Bruno MorabitoThis narrative review explores the diaphragm's extensive influence on the central nervous system. The authors discuss how the rhythm of our breath can physically move the brain, alter patterns of neural oscillation, and…
diaphragmbreathingphrenic nervevagus nerveneural oscillation - A2018
The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo-functional unit
Veronica Macchi, Elena Stocco, Carla Stecco, Elisa Belluzzi, Marta Favero, Andrea Porzionato, Raffaele De CaroThis descriptive review summarizes evidence on the close relationship between the infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane in the knee. Anatomically, they are linked, as parts of the synovial membrane insert into…
infrapatellar fat pad; knee plicae; osteoarthritis; synovial membrane. - A2018
Variations in Contents of Hyaluronan in the Peritumoral Micro-Environment of Human Chondrosarcoma
Caterina Fede, Carla Stecco, Andrea Angelini, Chenglei Fan, Elisa Belluzzi, Assunta Pozzuoli, Pietro Ruggieri, Raffaele…The micro-environment surrounding a tumor greatly influences its growth and response to therapy. This study focused on chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer resistant to both chemotherapy and radiation. Researchers quan…
hyaluronan; chondrosarcoma; peritumoral stroma; fascia; tumor micro-environment; malignant bone tumor; grade - A2018
Neuroinflammation and central sensitization in chronic and widespread pain
Ru-Rong Ji, Andrea Nackley, Yul Huh, Niccolò Terrando, William MaixnerChronic pain is partly maintained by central sensitization, a state where the nervous system becomes hypersensitive. This review discusses how neuroinflammation—inflammation in the nervous system—contributes to this pro…
inflammationchronic paainneuroinflammationsensitization - 1A+2018
The Fasciacytes- A New Cell Devoted To Fascial Gliding Regulation
Carla Stecco, Caterina Fede, Veronica Macchi, Andrea Porzionato, Lucia Petrelli, Carlo Biz, Robert Stern, Raffaele De C…Researchers have identified a new type of cell within fascia, which they have named "fasciacytes." This study presents evidence that these specialized cells are responsible for producing hyaluronan, a key component of t…
hyaluronanfasciafasciacytesextracellular matrix - C2018
Anatomy of the fasciae and fascial spaces of the maxillofacial and the anterior neck regions
Seiichiro KitamuraThis narrative review simplifies the complex anatomy of the fascia in the face, jaw, and front of the neck. The author organizes the region into four distinct portions based on their relationship to a key fascial layer,…
fasciaFascial spaceGross anatomyMaxillofacial regionAnterior neck - A2018
Fascial well-being: Mechanotransduction in manual and movement therapies
Leon ChaitowThis article discusses mechanotransduction, the process by which cells in connective tissue sense and respond to mechanical forces like stretch, compression, and shear. Specialized cells such as fibroblasts communicate…
mechanotransduction - A+2018
Negative Air Ions and Their Effects on Human Health and Air Quality Improvement
Shu-Ye Jiang, Ali Ma, Srinivasan RamachandranThis review paper examines the research on negative air ions (NAIs) and their effects on human health and air quality. Used for over a century in air cleaning, NAIs are associated with improved psychological health and…
negative air ions; superoxide; particulate matter; pulsed electric field - A2018
Metabolic acidosis and the role of unmeasured anions in critical illness and injury
Tobias Zingg, Bishwajit Bhattacharya, Linda L MaerzIn this review article, the authors discuss metabolic acidosis, a common condition in critically ill patients that is associated with increased mortality. A significant component of this acidosis can be caused by so-cal…
Metabolic acidosisUnmeasured anionsStrong ion differenceStrong ion gapAnion gap Base excess - A2018
Elevated expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 associates with decreased survival in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas
Mari Valkonen, Hannu Haapasalo, Kirsi Rilla, Kristiina Tyynelä-Korhonen, Ylermi Soini , Sanna Pasonen-SeppänenAstrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumor in adults. In this retrospective study, researchers investigated hyaluronan, a key component of the brain's extracellular matrix, and its related enzymes in 163 tumor…
hyaluronanHyaluronan synthaseAstrocytomaPrognosisGlioma - A++2018
Ascorbic acid in cancer treatment: let the phoenix fly
Niraj Shenoy, Edward Creagan, Thomas Witzig, Mark LevineThis review article discusses the renewed interest in Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as a potential anti-cancer agent. When administered intravenously, Vitamin C can reach much higher concentrations in the body than when tak…
cancerVitamin Cascorbatepharmacokinetics - A2018
Fasciae of the musculoskeletal system: normal anatomy and MR patterns of involvement in autoimmune diseases
Thomas Kirchgesner, Xavier Demondion, Maria Stoenoiu, Patrick Durez, Adrien Nzeusseu Toukap, Frédéric Houssiau, Christi…This review article describes the fascial system as a three-dimensional continuum of connective tissue found throughout the body. The authors review the normal anatomy of fascia and its appearance on magnetic resonance…
fasciaMusculoskeletalAnatomyAutoimmuneMRI - A+++2018
Effects of Plantar Vibration on Bone and Deep Fascia in a Rat Hindlimb Unloading Model of Disuse
Yunfei Huang, Yubo Fan, Michele Salanova, Xiao Yang, Lianwen Sun, Dieter BlottnerThis animal study investigated how disuse affects deep fascia and bone, and whether vibration could counteract these effects. Researchers used a rat model where hindlimbs were unloaded for 21 days to simulate disuse, wh…
extracellular matrixcollagenBonedeep fasciaBiomechanics - A++2018
The Impedance Profile of Acupuncture Points
Fletcher KovichThis study investigated real-time electrical impedance (resistance) at acupuncture points in a single subject. The researcher observed that when impedance decreased at the center of a point, it often increased at a loca…
acupunctureacupointsimpedancecommunication - 1A+2018
Effect of Stretching on Thoracolumbar Fascia Injury and Movement Restriction in a Porcine Model
H M Langevin, J Bishop, R Maple, G J Badger, J R FoxIn this animal study on pigs, researchers investigated the effect of stretching on the thoracolumbar fascia after injury and movement restriction. An injury combined with restricted movement led to reduced fascial mobil…
fasciaConnective tissueStretchingManual TherapyMovement Therapy - A+++2018
Sagittal plane fore hoof unevenness is associated with fore and hindlimb asymmetrical force vectors in the sagittal and frontal planes
Sarah Jane Hobbs, Sandra Nauwelaerts, Jonathan Sinclair, Hilary M Clayton, Willem BackUnevenness in a horse's fore hooves, defined by differences in the dorsal hoof wall angle, affects how force is distributed across both the fore and hindlimbs. This study of 34 riding horses found that hooves with a ste…
asymmetryriding horsesuneven feethoof angleforce - A++2018
Vitamin C – A new player in regulation of the cancer epigenome
Linn Gillberg, Andreas D Ørskov, Minmin Liu, Laurine B S Harsløf, Peter A Jones, Kirsten GrønbækThis narrative review explores the emerging role of vitamin C in cancer treatment, particularly in relation to epigenetics. The authors note that vitamin C is crucial for enzymes that help regulate gene expression, and…
Ascorbic acid; Cancer treatment; Epigenetics; Hematological malignancies; Vitamin C - A2018
Orientation and property of fibers of the myodural bridge in humans
Nan Zheng, Yan-Yan Chi, Xiao-Han Yang, Nan-Xing Wang, Yi-Lin Li, Yang-Yang Ge, Lan-Xin Zhang, Tai-Yuan Liu, Xiao-Ying Y…The myodural bridge is a fibrous connection between the deep suboccipital muscles of the neck and the spinal dura mater, the tough outer covering of the spinal cord. In this anatomical study, researchers investigated th…
Atlanto-axial interspace; Atlanto-occipital interspace; Collagen I fibers; Histologic staining; Myodural bridge; Suboccipital muscles; Vertebral dural ligament - A2018
The myodural bridge in the common rock pigeon (Columbia livia): Morphology and possible physiological implications
Chukwuemeka Samuel Okoye, Nan Zheng, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin SuiIn this anatomical study on pigeons, researchers investigated a connective tissue structure called the myodural bridge. Through dissections and tissue analysis of the suboccipital region where the skull meets the neck,…
Connective tissuecerebrospinal fluiddura materbirdhistological sections - A2018
Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase
H YounusThis narrative review explores the therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutases (SODs), a group of enzymes that serve as a crucial antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. The author discusses the rol…
Oxidative stresssuperoxide dismutasetherapeutic effects - A2018
The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system
Bruno Bordoni, Bruno Morabito, Roberto Mitrano, Marta Simonelli, Anastasia ToccafondiIn this review article, the authors examine the tongue's functions and its anatomical connections to the rest of the body. The tongue is not only essential for swallowing, breathing, and speaking, but it also affects po…
fasciadiaphragmphysiotherapytonguespeech therapy