Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A2018
Fasciae of the musculoskeletal system: normal anatomy and MR patterns of involvement in autoimmune diseases
Thomas Kirchgesner, Xavier Demondion, Maria Stoenoiu, Patrick Durez, Adrien Nzeusseu Toukap, Frédéric Houssiau, Christi…This review article describes the fascial system as a three-dimensional continuum of connective tissue found throughout the body. The authors review the normal anatomy of fascia and its appearance on magnetic resonance…
fasciaMusculoskeletalAnatomyAutoimmuneMRI - A2018
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review
Remedios López-Liria, María de los Ángeles Varverde-Martínez, David Padilla-Góngora, Patricia Rocamora-PérezThis systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of different physiotherapy techniques for treating urinary incontinence in women. Researchers analyzed 16 studies covering methods such as pelvic floor exercises, vagin…
physiotherapywomenurinary incontinencepelvic floor muscle - A2018
Meaning of the Solid and Liquid Fascia to Reconsider the Model of Biotensegrity
Bruno Bordoni, David Lintonbon, Bruno MorabitoThis theoretical article proposes a reconsideration of the traditional biotensegrity model. The authors argue that fascia should be viewed as a system with both solid and liquid components, where blood and lymph constit…
fasciaChiropracticManual TherapyMyofascialOsteopathic - A2018
Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase
H YounusThis narrative review explores the therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutases (SODs), a group of enzymes that serve as a crucial antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. The author discusses the rol…
Oxidative stresssuperoxide dismutasetherapeutic effects - A2018
Variations in Contents of Hyaluronan in the Peritumoral Micro-Environment of Human Chondrosarcoma
Caterina Fede, Carla Stecco, Andrea Angelini, Chenglei Fan, Elisa Belluzzi, Assunta Pozzuoli, Pietro Ruggieri, Raffaele…The micro-environment surrounding a tumor greatly influences its growth and response to therapy. This study focused on chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer resistant to both chemotherapy and radiation. Researchers quan…
hyaluronan; chondrosarcoma; peritumoral stroma; fascia; tumor micro-environment; malignant bone tumor; grade - A2018
Frontiers in fascia research
Carla Alessandra Avila Gonzalez, Mark Driscoll, Robert Schleip, Scott Wearing, Eric Jacobson, Thomas Findley, Werner Kl…This article reviews recent developments in fascia research, emphasizing new ways to assess this highly variable tissue. Researchers note that fascia differs greatly between individuals in density, stiffness, and metabo…
fasciaultrasound.Pain therapySport sciencesIndentometry - A2018
Hyaluronan in adipogenesis, adipose tissue physiology and systemic metabolism
Yi Zhu, llja L Kruglikov, Yucel Akgul, Philipp E SchererThis narrative review summarizes research on hyaluronic acid (HA), a sugar molecule abundant in the body's extracellular matrix. The functions of HA are largely dictated by its molecular size, and it is commonly used as…
HA - A2018
Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced invasive cancer of the renal pelvis and its prevention by vitamin C
Shinjini Ganguly, Ayan Chandra, Indu B ChatterjeeIn this animal study, researchers investigated how cigarette smoke might cause invasive cancer of the renal pelvis and if vitamin C could offer protection. They found that when guinea pigs were exposed to cigarette smok…
Invasive cancer of the renal pelvis Cigarette smoke Vitamin C Oxidative damage Persistent EGFR signaling Cell cycle deregulation - A2018
Measuring the Human Ultra-Weak Photon Emission Distribution Using an Electron-Multiplying, Charge-Coupled Device as a Sensor
Fernando Ortega-Ojeda, Matías Calcerrada, Alejandro Ferrero, Joaquín Campos, Carmen Garcia-RuizLiving systems, including humans, emit an extremely faint light called ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). This light is thought to be a byproduct of metabolic processes, particularly those involving reactive oxygen speci…
ultra-weak photon emission; spectrometer; measurement; electron multiplying charge coupled device sensor; liquid crystal tunable filter - A2018
The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo-functional unit
Veronica Macchi, Elena Stocco, Carla Stecco, Elisa Belluzzi, Marta Favero, Andrea Porzionato, Raffaele De CaroThis descriptive review summarizes evidence on the close relationship between the infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane in the knee. Anatomically, they are linked, as parts of the synovial membrane insert into…
infrapatellar fat pad; knee plicae; osteoarthritis; synovial membrane. - A2018
Comparison of vibration rolling, nonvibration rolling, and static stretching as a warm-up exercise on flexibility, joint proprioception, muscle strength, and balance in young adults
Chia-Lun Lee, I-Hua Chu, Bo-Jhang Lyu, Wen-Dien Chang, Nai-Jen ChangThis study compared the immediate effects of three warm-up techniques in young adults: vibration rolling, non-vibration rolling, and static stretching. Researchers measured changes in lower-body flexibility, joint posit…
Vibration; self-myofascial release; foam rolling; exercise; performance - A2018
A New Concept of Biotensegrity Incorporating Liquid Tissues: Blood and Lymph
Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Roberto CastagnaThis conceptual article proposes an update to the biotensegrity model, which traditionally focuses on the solid structures of the fascial system. The authors argue that "liquid tissues" like blood and lymph should also…
fasciaChiropracticManual TherapyMyofascialOsteopathic - A2018
What Is the Point? The Problem with Acupuncture Research That No One Wants to Talk About
Helene M Langevin, Peter M WayneIn this 2018 commentary, the authors address a persistent criticism of acupuncture research: the unclear scientific basis for "acupuncture points." They argue that the acupuncture research community has not paid enough…
acupunctureAnatomyacupuncture pointsmethodology - A2018
The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system
Bruno Bordoni, Bruno Morabito, Roberto Mitrano, Marta Simonelli, Anastasia ToccafondiIn this review article, the authors examine the tongue's functions and its anatomical connections to the rest of the body. The tongue is not only essential for swallowing, breathing, and speaking, but it also affects po…
fasciadiaphragmphysiotherapytonguespeech therapy - A2018
Fascial preadipocytes: another missing piece of the puzzle to understand fibromyalgia?
Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Francesca Cavallaro, David LintonbonIn this review paper, the authors discuss fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition whose cause remains uncertain. While often linked to changes in the central nervous system, research also points to peripheral nerve damag…
fasciaFibromyalgiapainMyofascialneuropathic pain - A2018
Elevated expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 associates with decreased survival in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas
Mari Valkonen, Hannu Haapasalo, Kirsi Rilla, Kristiina Tyynelä-Korhonen, Ylermi Soini , Sanna Pasonen-SeppänenAstrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumor in adults. In this retrospective study, researchers investigated hyaluronan, a key component of the brain's extracellular matrix, and its related enzymes in 163 tumor…
hyaluronanHyaluronan synthaseAstrocytomaPrognosisGlioma - A2018
Muscle spindles of the rat sternomastoid muscle
Walter Giuriati, Barbara Ravara, Andrea Porzionato, Giovanna Albertin, Carla Stecco, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro,…This animal study on rats examined the sternomastoid muscle in the neck, which has a unique structure. Researchers found it has two distinct regions: a superficial "white" part with fast-twitch fibers and a deep "red" p…
ratsternomastoid musclemuscle spindlesfiber typestranslational studies - A2018
Lipedema—An update
Uwe WollinaThis review provides an update on lipedema, a chronic condition affecting subcutaneous fat tissue in the limbs, almost exclusively in women. It typically appears during or after puberty and is characterized by symmetric…
painEdemaobesitylipedemalymphedema - A2018
A review of the impact of pregnancy and childbirth on pelvic floor function as assessed by objective measurement techniques
Hans Van Geelen, Donald Ostergard, Peter SandThis narrative review examines how pregnancy and childbirth affect the pelvic floor, based on studies using objective measurement tools like ultrasound and MRI. The authors found that pregnancy, particularly the first,…
Pregnancy . Childbirth . Vaginal delivery . Cesarean delivery . Pelvic floor function . Objective measurement techniques - A2018
A fundamental critique of the fascial distortion model and its application in clinical practice
Christoph ThalhamerThis narrative review critiques the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM), a manual therapy approach based on the idea that all musculoskeletal complaints stem from distortions of fascia. The author investigated the scientific…
Manual Therapyfasciaefascial distortion modelreductionismtypaldos - A2018
Fascial well-being: Mechanotransduction in manual and movement therapies
Leon ChaitowThis article discusses mechanotransduction, the process by which cells in connective tissue sense and respond to mechanical forces like stretch, compression, and shear. Specialized cells such as fibroblasts communicate…
mechanotransduction - A2018
Not merely a protective packing organ? A review of fascia and its force transmission capacity
Jan Wilke, Robert Schleip, Can A Yucesoy, Winfried BanzerThis review article examines fascia's role in transmitting force throughout the body. Traditionally seen as just a "packing" material, research now suggests fascia is an active tissue that connects muscles into a body-w…
epimuscular; fascia; force transmission; myofascial chains - A2018
Non-invasive Assessment of Lameness in Horses with Dorsal Spinous Process Impingement “Kissing spine”: A Case Study.
Adrian P Harrison, Anja Jensen, Karoline Holst Riis, Kiwa Riis-OlesenIn this case study, researchers examined a horse with recurring lameness and "kissing spine" using three non-invasive techniques. Acoustic myography was used to assess muscle activity and locate the injury, while bioimp…
Bioimpedance analysis; Accelerometry; Acoustic myography; lameness - A2017
The myodural bridge existing in the Nephocaena phocaenoides
Pei Liu, Chan Li, Nan Zheng, Qiang Xu, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin SuiThe myodural bridge is a connection between a small neck muscle and the spinal cord's outer covering (the dura mater) previously identified in humans. In this anatomical animal study, researchers investigated whether a…
dura materMyodural Bridge - A2017
The Lumbodorsal Fascia as a Potential Source of Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review
Jan Wilke, Robert Schleip, Werner Klingler, Carla SteccoThis narrative review examines the role of the lumbodorsal fascia as a potential source of low back pain. Research shows this fascia contains pain-sensing nerve endings, which may be morphologically altered in people wi…
fasciaNociceptionlow back painlumbodorsal fascia - A2017
Acute effects of foam rolling on passive tissue stiffness and fascial sliding: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Frieder Krause, Jan Wilke, Daniel Niederer, Lutz Vogt, Winfried BanzerThis document is a study protocol, outlining the planned method for a randomized controlled trial, not a report of its results. The researchers intend to investigate the immediate effects of foam rolling on the anterior…
Connective tissue; Cross-correlation; Fascia; Flexibility; Foam rolling; Self-myofascial release; Tissue stiffness; Ultrasound. - A2017
Semimembranosus Muscle Injuries In Sport. A Practical MRI use for Prognosis
Ramon Balius, Mireia Bossy, Carles Pedret, Lluis Capdevila, Xavier Alomar, Bryan Heiderscheit, Gil RodasThis retrospective study investigated whether MRI scans could help predict recovery time for athletes with injuries to the semimembranosus, one of the hamstring muscles. Researchers analyzed MRI scans from 19 athletes,…
MRIreturn to playsemimembranosushamstring injuries - A2017
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Gabriel Venne, Brian J Rasquinha, Manuela Kunz, Randy E EllisThis cadaver study investigated the connection between a small neck muscle (Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, RCPMi) and the spinal dura mater. Researchers used both microscopic analysis and biomechanical testing to clari…
biomechanical testingcervical dura matermechanical influence of musclesmechanical influence of soft tissuerectus capitis posterior minor - A2017
Spontaneous photon emission: A promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for breast cancer
Xiaolei Zhao, Jingxiang Pang, Jialei Fu, Yong Wang, Meina Yang, Yanli Liu, Hua Fan, Liewei Zhang, Jinxiang HanIn this animal study, researchers investigated if ultra-weak light emission from the body, called spontaneous photon emission (SPE), could detect breast cancer. They measured light from the skin of mice with breast canc…
Breast cancerSpontaneous photon emission (SPE)Preliminary screeningCluster analysisOxidative metabolic - A2017
The indeterminable resilience of the fascial system
Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli, Bruno Morabito, Beatrice SacconiThis commentary proposes a model of fascia not as layers, but as a network of polyhedral microvacuoles of connective tissue. These structures connect the body's systems and can change shape in response to tension, allow…
fasciafibroblastManual TherapyOsteopathicfascial continuum - A2017
Muscle strength and stiffness in resistance exercise: Force transmission in tissues
Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Ellen Z Anderson, Jared Burch, Thomas FindleyResearchers used a mathematical model to estimate how forces are transmitted through the quadriceps muscle during isometric resistance exercises. They specifically looked at how knee angle affects muscle stiffness, stre…
Knee muscle strength; Stiffness; Mathematical modeling; Resistance exercise - A2017
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder Joint: Value of Glenohumeral Distance on Magnetic Resonance Arthrography
Kyu Hong Lee, Hee Jin Park, So Yeon Lee, In Young Youn, Eugene Kim, Jai Hyung Park, Se Jin ParkResearchers investigated a new way to help diagnose adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) using a specific type of MRI called MR arthrography. They measured the distance between the ball and socket of the shoulder joint…
Adhesive capsulitisMR imagingShoulderArthrography - A2017
The second terminations of the suboccipital muscles: An assistant pivot for the To Be Named Ligament
Xiao-Ying Yuan, Chan Li, Jia-Ying Sui, Qi-Qi Zhao, Xiao Zhang, Na-Na Mou, Zhao Huang-Fu, Okoye Chukwuemeka Samuel, Nan…In this anatomical dissection study of 35 head-neck specimens, researchers investigated small muscle attachments in the suboccipital region. The scientists confirmed the existence of "second terminations" from several s…
Myodural Bridge - A2017
Effect of MELT method on thoracolumbar connective tissue: The full study
Faria Sanjana, Hans Chaudhry, Thomas FindleyThis study investigated if the MELT method, a self-treatment technique using soft rollers and balls, could affect the thoracolumbar connective tissue in people with chronic low back pain. Researchers used ultrasound ima…
Low back pain; MELT method; Connective tissue; Thickness; Myofascia; Flexibility - A2017
Telocytes heterogeneity: From cellular morphology to functional evidence
Dragos Cretoiu, Beatrice Mihaela Radu, Adela Banciu, Daniel Dumitru Banciu, Sanda Maria CretoiuThis review discusses telocytes, a recently identified type of cell found throughout the connective tissue (stroma) of vertebrates. They are characterized by extremely long, thin extensions called telopodes, which form…
cancertelocytesregenerative medicinestem cellsImmunophenotype heterogeneity - A2017
Non-contrast MRI diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
Andrew S Chi, John Kim, Suzanne S Long, William B Morrison, Adam C ZogaThis study investigated whether a standard MRI without contrast dye could be used to reliably diagnose adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder. Researchers reviewed MRIs for specific signs, such as a thickene…
MRIfrozen shoulderAdhesive capsulitisNoncontrast - A2017
Art Advancing Science: Filmmaking Leads to Molecular Insights at the Nanoscale
Charles Reilly, Donald E IngberA project that began as an artistic endeavor to create an entertaining short film about fertilization led to the development of a new scientific simulation tool. By integrating physics-based animation software from the…
Tensegritysimulationanimationaxonemedynein - A2017
We are operating too much
Nicola MaffulliIn this editorial, the author, an orthopedic and trauma surgeon, observes a rising number of operations for orthopedic and trauma ailments. He notes that this trend runs counter to the results of high-quality studies, w…
Surgery - A2017
Molecular insights into prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation of fibrillar collagens in health and disease
Rutger A F Gjaltema, Ruud A BankThis narrative review provides an updated overview of the complex process of creating mature collagen. The formation of collagen fibrils from precursor molecules involves many enzymes and chaperones in a series of steps…
Bruck syndrome; Collagen; Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; connective tissue disorders; fibrosis; lysyl hydroxylation; osteogenesis imperfecta; prolyl hydroxylation. - A2017
The significance of closed kinematic chains to biological movement and dynamic stability
Stephen Levin, Susan Lowell de Sol!orzano, Graham ScarrBiomechanical research has long focused on the body as a system of levers, but this review highlights the importance of "closed kinematic chains" (CKCs). These are continuous mechanical loops that couple multiple parts…
biotensegrityBiomechanicsClosed-chainDevelopmentEvolution - A2017
Human mesenchymal stem cells secrete hyaluronan-coated extracellular vesicles
Uma Thanigai Arasu, Riikka Kärnä, Kai Härkönen, Sanna Oikari, Arto Koistinen, Heikki Kröger, Chengjuan Qu, Mikko J Lamm…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to help with tissue repair, partly by releasing tiny packages called extracellular vesicles (EVs). This study investigated the connection between these EVs and hyaluronan (HA), a…
Hyaluronan; CD44; Extracellular vesicle; Stem cell; Filopodia; Hyaluronan synthase - A2017
Don’t Forget the Abdominal Wall: Imaging Spectrum of Abdominal Wall Injuries after Nonpenetrating Trauma
Shanna A Matalon, Reza Askari, Jonathan D Gates, Ketan Patel, Aaron D Sodickson, Bharti KhuranaAbdominal wall injuries from non-penetrating trauma are relatively common but are often overlooked in the emergency department. This can happen because more severe, distracting injuries draw attention away, or because t…
abdominal wallabdominal wall injuriesabdominal wall herniaabdominal wall muscle injurycostochondral rib injury - A2017
Piezoelectric material – A promising approach for bone and cartilage regeneration
Namdev More, Govinda KapusettiThis paper outlines a novel hypothesis for regenerating bone and cartilage, two weight-bearing tissues that are challenging to repair. Current treatments for damage from trauma or diseases like osteoarthritis have signi…
tissue engineeringPiezoelectricityBone regenerationCartilage regeneration - A2017
Correlation between chronic headaches and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle: A comparative analysis of cross-sectional trail
Xiao-Ying Yuan, Sheng-Bo Yu, Cong Liu, Qiang Xu, Nan Zheng, Jian-Fei Zhang, Yan-Yan Chi, Xu-Gang Wang, Xiang-Tao Lin, H…Researchers investigated the relationship between chronic headaches and a small muscle at the base of the skull, the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi). Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), they compared the size…
Myodural Bridgerectus capitis posterior minor musclechronic headacheshypertrophy - A2017
Amino acid composition in determination of collagen origin and assessment of physical factors effects
Marlena Gauza-Włodarczyk, Leszek Kubisz, Dariusz WłodarczykThis study examines the amino acid composition of collagen derived from various sources, including fish skin, bovine Achilles tendon, and bone tissue. The researchers found that the levels of hydroxyproline, a unique am…
hydroxyprolineBone collagenFish skin collagenIrradiationPolymer - A2017
Does the vaginal wall become thinner as prolapse grade increases?
Rhiannon Bray, Alex Derpapas, Ruwan Fernando, Vik Khullar, Demetri C PanayiThis study investigated the relationship between vaginal wall thickness and the severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Researchers used ultrasound to measure the vaginal walls of 243 women with symptomatic prolapse. They fo…
Prolapse . Ultrasonography . Vaginal wall thickness - A2017
Implications of immune dysfunction on endometriosis associated infertility
Jessica E Miller, Soo Hyun Ahn, Stephany P Monsanto, Kasra Khalaj, Madhuri Koti, Chandrakant TayadeThis literature review explores the link between endometriosis and infertility, a common issue for which the cause is not fully understood. The authors suggest that dysfunction in the immune system plays a significant r…
cytokines; endometriosis; infertility; inflammation; oxidative stress. - A2017
Correlations of magnetic resonance imaging findings with clinical symptom severity and prognosis of frozen shoulder
Jong Pil Yoon, Seok Won Chung, Byung Joo Lee, Hyung Sup Kim, Jae Hyuck Yi, Hyun‑Joo Lee, Won‑Ju Jeong, Sung Gyu Moon, K…Researchers used a specific type of MRI (indirect MR arthrography) to examine the shoulders of 52 people with frozen shoulder and 52 without. They found that certain features, like thickening and inflammation-related ch…
frozen shoulderMR findingIndirect MR arthrogramClinical symptomCorrelation - A2017
Vitamin C for preventing atrial fibrillation in high risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Harri Hemilä, Timo SuonsyrjäThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined 15 trials to see if vitamin C could prevent atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients. The analysis, involving over 2000 subjects, found inconsistent results depending o…
Ascorbic acidantioxidantArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationCardiac surgery - A2017
Calcium Signaling in Interstitial Cells: Focus on Telocytes
Beatrice Mihaela Radu, Adela Banciu, Daniel Dumitru Banciu, Mihai Radu, Dragos Cretoiu, Sanda Maria CretoiuThis narrative review describes current knowledge on calcium signaling in a group of cells called interstitial cells, with a special focus on telocytes. These cells and their calcium signals are important for generating…
telocytesinterstitial cellscalcium signalingCa2+ oscillationspacemaker activity - A2017
CT arthrography of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: Are MR signs applicable?
Milena Cernya, Patrick Omoumia, Ahmed Larbi, Daniel Manicourt, Anne Perozziello, Frédéric Lecouvet, Bruno Vande Berg, B…This retrospective study investigated whether signs of adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) typically seen on MRI could also be identified using CT arthrography (CTA). Researchers compared CTA scans from 22 patients wi…
frozen shoulderAdhesive capsulitisArthrographyRotator intervalCTA - A2017
What's in a name: Myofascial Release or Myofascial Induction?
Leon ChaitowThis commentary discusses two terms for a similar manual therapy technique: Myofascial Release (MFR) and Myofascial Induction Therapy (MIT). The author notes that while the techniques are virtually identical, the names…
Myofascial releaseMyofascial Induction therapy - A2017
Reconnecting the Body in Eastern and Western Medicine
Helene M Langevin, Rosa N SchnyerDetails for this 2017 publication, titled 'Reconnecting the Body in Eastern and Western Medicine' by Helene M. Langevin and Rosa N. Schnyer, have not yet been summarized. The title suggests a discussion comparing and in…
acupunctureTCM - A2017
The universal existence of myodural bridge in mammals: an indication of a necessary function
Nan Zheng, Xiao-Ying Yuan, Yan-Yan Chi, Pei Liu, Bing Wang, Jia-Ying Sui, Seung-Ho Han, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin SuiThe myodural bridge is a connective tissue structure linking one of the deep, upper neck muscles to the spinal dura mater. This anatomical study investigated whether this structure, known in humans, also exists in other…
Myodural Bridge - A2016
Intermuscular force transmission along myofascial chains: a systematic review
Frieder Krause, Jan Wilke, Lutz Vogt, Winfried BanzerThis systematic review examined evidence for force transmission along continuous lines of muscle and fascia, often called myofascial chains. Researchers analyzed nine studies of moderate to excellent quality that invest…
anatomy trains; fascia; myofascial continuity; tension transfer - A2016
Vitamin C Protects Chondrocytes against Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis by Multiple Pathways
Pu-Rong Chiu, Yu-Chen Hu, Tzu-Ching Huang, Bau-Shan Hsieh, Jou-Pei Yeh, Hsiao-Ling Cheng, Li-Wen Huang, Kee-Lung ChangIn this study using rat and cell models, researchers investigated if vitamin C could protect cartilage cells against osteoarthritis-like damage. The results showed that vitamin C reduced oxidative stress, inflammation,…
chondrocyte; interleukin; matrix metalloproteinase; osteoarthritis; vitamin C - A2016
Connection of the Posterior Occipital Muscle and Dura Mater of the Siamese Crocodile
JING-HUI ZHANG, WEI TANG, ZHAO-XI ZHANG, BING-YI LUAN, SHENG-BO YU, HONG-JIN SUIIn this animal study, researchers investigated a connective tissue structure called the myodural bridge in six Siamese crocodiles. This bridge connects deep muscles in the suboccipital region to the dura mater, the oute…
myodural bridge; rectus capitis posterior major muscle; rectus capitis posterior minor muscle;proatlas; spinal dura mater; Siamese crocodile; cerebrospinal fluid circulation - A2016
Effect of the Suboccipital Musculature on Symptom Severity and Recovery after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
S Fakhran, C Qu, L M AlhilaliThis study investigated whether the size of the deep neck muscles at the base of the skull is related to symptoms and recovery after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Researchers used MRI to measure the cross-sectio…
dura materMyodural BridgeCNS - A2016
A Systematic Review of the Soft-Tissue Connections Between Neck Muscles and Dura Mater
Luis Palomeque-del-Cerro, Luis A Arráez-Aybar, Cleofás Rodriguez-Blanco, Rafael Guzmán-Garcia, Mar Menendez-Aparicio, Á…In this systematic review, researchers compiled data from 26 studies to investigate direct soft-tissue connections between neck muscles and the dura mater, the outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord. The analysi…
fasciaConnective tissueproprioceptionSpineAnatomy - A2016
Fibromodulin Interacts with Collagen Cross-linking Sites and Activates Lysyl Oxidase
Sebastian Kalamajski, Dominique Bihan, Arkadiusz Bonna, Kristofer Rubin, Richard W FarndaleFibrosis is characterized by a dense and stiff collagen matrix, formed through a cross-linking process driven by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). This study investigated the role of another protein, fibromodulin, in this…
fibrosiscollagen cross-linkingfibromodulinlysyl oxidase