Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A+++2015
Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatics
Antoine Louveau, Igor Smirnov, Timothy J Keyes, Jacob D Eccles, Sherin J Rouhani, J David Peske, Noel C Derecki, David…The central nervous system (CNS) was long thought to lack a conventional lymphatic drainage system. In this study, however, researchers discovered functional lymphatic vessels within the meninges, the membranes surround…
lymphatic vesselsCentral nervous system - A++2015
Glycine improves biochemical and biomechanical properties following inflammation of the achilles tendon
Cristiano Pedrozo Vieira, Letícia Prado De Oliveira, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Marcos Dos Santos De Almeida, Maria Cristina…This animal study investigated the effect of the amino acid glycine on inflamed Achilles tendons in rats. Researchers induced inflammation and then fed one group of rats a diet supplemented with 5% glycine. After 22 day…
achilles tendon; extracellular matrix; glycine; inflammatory process; tendinopathy. - A+2015
Changes in electrical pain threshold of fascia and muscle after initial and secondary bouts of elbow flexor eccentric exercise
Wing Yin Lau, Anthony J. Blazevich, Michael J. Newton, Sam Shi Xuan Wu, Kazunori NosakaThis study investigated how pain sensitivity changes in fascia and muscle after strenuous eccentric exercise. Ten young men performed two bouts of maximal eccentric elbow curls, four weeks apart. After the first session…
pressure pain thresholdmuscle damageRepeated bout effectDelayed onset muscle sorenessVisual analogue scale - A2015
Cellulite treatment: a comprehensive literature review
Irene Zerini, Andrea Sisti, Roberto Cuomo, Serena Ciappi, Francesco Russo, Cesare Brandi, Carlo D’Aniello, Giuseppe NisiIn this 2015 literature review, researchers compiled the results from various cellulite treatments. They analyzed 73 clinical studies involving human subjects, most of whom were women. The evaluated treatments included…
elasticitycellulitefatty tissue - A+++2015
Multi-frequency bioimpedance and myofascial release therapy: An equine “AtlasOrange1” validation study
Vibeke Sødring Elbrønd, Marta Julia Krasnodebska, Adrian HarrisonThis study on horses explored whether a device using multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (mf-BIA) could objectively measure myofascial tension. Researchers compared the device's readings with a veterinarian's manual a…
myofasciamuscle tensionmf-BIAmechanical physiothera - A++2015
Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms
Jessica A Eccles, Andrew P Owens, Christopher J Mathias, Satoshi Umeda, Hugo D CritchleyThis narrative review explores the idea that vulnerability to anxiety may be rooted in inherent physical differences in how the body is regulated. The authors focus on conditions like joint hypermobility, Postural Tachy…
joint hypermobilityAnxietypostural tachycardia syndromevasovagal syncopepsychiatry - A+++2015
Functional locomotor consequences of uneven forefeet for trot symmetry in individual riding horses
Nathan Wiggers, Sandra L P Nauwelaerts, Sarah Jane Hobbs, Sophie Bool, Claudia F Wolschrijn, Willem BackThis study investigated how horses with uneven forefeet, where the angle differs between left and right, move at a trot. Researchers found that the flatter foot experiences higher loading, including greater braking forc…
asymmetryriding horsesuneven feethoof angle - A+++2015
Swing phase kinematics of horses trotting over poles
S Brown, N C Stubbs, L J Kaiser, M Lavagnino, H M ClaytonThis study investigated how horses are affected by trotting over poles, a common therapeutic exercise used to restore joint range of motion. Researchers aimed to determine if lifting the limbs higher to clear obstacles…
coordination; horse; physiotherapy; rehabilitation - A+++2015
The equine neck and its function during movement and locomotion
Rebeka R Zsoldos, Theresia F LickaThis study measured muscle activity in the equine forelimb during walking, trotting, and cantering. The researchers found that most muscles activate just before hoof-strike to stabilize the limb, while passive structure…
Ageing; Cervical vertebral column; Equine neck muscles; Locomotion of horses - A+2015
An overview of the beneficial effects of hydrolysed collagen intake on joint and bone health and on skin ageing
Teresa Figueres Juher, Esther Basés PérezThis narrative review summarizes research on hydrolysed collagen (HC) and its impact on joint, bone, and skin health. Evidence suggests that these small collagen peptides are highly bioavailable and accumulate in connec…
supplementationOsteoporosishydrolysate collagenosteartrithis - A++2015
Meralgia paresthetica caused by entrapment of the lateral femoral subcutaneous nerve at the fascia lata of the thigh: a case report and literature review
Yasuyuki Omichi, Ichiro Tonogai, Shinsuke Kaji, Teruaki Sangawa, Koichi SairyoThis case report and literature review describe an unusual presentation of meralgia paresthetica, a condition causing numbness and pain in the outer thigh. While the condition typically involves nerve entrapment at the…
nerve entrapment - A++2015
Effects of plant sterols derived from Aloe vera gel on human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and on skin condition in Japanese women
Miyuki Tanaka, Eriko Misawa, Koji Yamauchi, Fumiaki Abe, Chiaki IshizakiThis study investigated how plant sterols from Aloe vera gel affect the skin, using both laboratory tests on human skin cells (fibroblasts) and a clinical trial with women. In the lab, these sterols were found to stimul…
oral supplementationaloe sterol; collagen; wrinkle - A+++2015
Essential role for autophagy in life span extension
Frank Madeo, Andreas Zimmermann, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Guido KroemerThis narrative review explores the essential role of autophagy, a cellular recycling process that breaks down and removes damaged components to maintain health. The authors explain how interventions like caloric restric…
autophagystarvation - A+++2015
Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review
M-N Chen, C-C Lin, C-F LiuThis systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials examined the effectiveness of plant-based estrogens, known as phytoestrogens, for relieving menopausal symptoms. The findings suggest that phyt…
CLIMACTERIC; ESTROGEN; HOT FLUSH; ISOFLAVONE; LIGNAN; MENOPAUSE; META-ANALYSIS. - A+2014
Neuroimaging and psychophysiological investigation of the link between anxiety, enhanced affective reactivity and interoception in people with joint hypermobility
Núria Mallorquí-Bagué, Sarah N Garfinkel, Miriam Engels, Jessica A Eccles, Guillem Pailhez, Antonio Bulbena, Hugo D Cri…This study investigated the connection between joint hypermobility, anxiety, and interoception (the sense of the body's internal state). Researchers confirmed that hypermobility is associated with higher levels of anxie…
anxiety; emotion; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); interoception; joint hypermobility; psychology. - A2014
Clinical Relevance of Fascial Tissue and Dysfunctions
Werner Klingler, M Velders, K Hoppe, M Pedro, Robert SchleipFascia is a continuous network of connective tissue that supports the entire body. Traditionally seen as a passive structure, recent research shows it plays a more active role. Fascia contains contractile elements that…
fasciaMyofascial painlumbar fasciadysfunction - B2014
Neuroreceptor Activation by Vibration-Assisted Tunneling
Ross D Hoehn, David Nichols, Hartmut Neven, Sabre KaisThis theoretical study used quantum chemical modeling to explore how receptors in the nervous system get activated. The researchers propose a model where a molecule's specific vibrations, like a musical key, may be what…
fasciag-proteinpharmacologyGPCRssilicopotency - A2014
Mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis
Jay D Humphrey, Eric R Dufresne, Martin A SchwartzConnective tissues are dynamic, constantly adapting even at rest. Cells within these tissues continually sense mechanical cues from their environment through a process called mechanotransduction. In response, they maint…
fasciaextracellular matrixIntegrinsmechanosensingmechanoregulation - 1A+2014
The Medium of Haptic Perception: A Tensegrity Hypothesis
Michael T Turvey, Sérgio T FonsecaIn this theoretical paper, the authors propose a new hypothesis for how our sense of touch, or haptic perception, works. Unlike other senses that have a clear medium (like air for sound), the haptic system lacks one. Th…
fasciaConnective tissuecytoskeletonhaptic systemmultifractal tensegrity - A++2014
Towards whole-body ultra-weak photon counting and imaging with a focus on human beings: A review
Roeland Van Wijk, Eduard P A Van Wijk, Herman A van Wietmarschen, Jan van der GreefIn this review article, the authors describe the history and development of research into ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), the faint light naturally emitted by the human body. The scientific understanding of this pheno…
Ultra-weak photon emissionBiophotonReactive oxygen speciesSystems biologyHuman - A+++2014
Telocytes revisited
Sanda M Cretoiu, Laurentiu M PopescuThis narrative review summarizes findings on telocytes, a relatively new type of cell found in the interstitial, or connective, tissue of many organs. These cells are defined by their small bodies and extremely long, th…
exosomes/ectosomes; intercellular signaling; regenerative medicine; telocytes; telopodes - A2014
Treatment of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome according to the Fascial Distortion Model: A Prospective Case Control Study
Christoph Schulze, Susanne Finze, Rainer Bader, Andreas LisonThis prospective case-control study investigated the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM) for treating medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), or shin splints. Researchers applied targeted manual techniques to the lower leg fas…
Manual Therapyfasciaefascial distortion model - 1A+2014
Painful Connections: Densification Versus Fibrosis of Fascia
P G Pavan, Antonio Stecco, R Stern, Carla SteccoIn this review article, the authors describe two types of fascial changes that can cause pain: densification and fibrosis. Densification is described as a reversible alteration in the viscosity of the loose connective t…
hyaluronanfasciafibrosisdensificationConnective tissue - A2014
Chiropractic Management of Pubic Symphysis Shear Dysfunction in a Patient With Overactive Bladder
Robert Cooperstein, Anthony Lisi, Andrew BurdThis case report describes the chiropractic care of a 24-year-old woman with an overactive bladder, specifically frequent nighttime urination that disrupted her sleep. A physical examination revealed a shear dysfunction…
fasciasymphysis pubis dysfunctionpubic symphysispubic symphysis diastasisurinary bladder overactive - A++2014
Ultra-weak photon emission from biological samples: Definition, mechanisms, properties, detection and applications
Michal Cifra, Pavel PospíšilThis review article summarizes the current understanding of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), a faint light naturally produced by living organisms. This light, a form of chemiluminescence, is generated during normal met…
biophotonsChemiluminescenceOxidative stressSinglet oxygenCharge coupled device - A2014
Clinical and symptomatological reflections: the fascial system
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis narrative review discusses the fascial system as a continuous network of connective tissue that gives form and function to the entire body. The authors note that despite its importance in transmitting force, coordi…
fasciapainlow back painOsteopathicneck - A2014
Primary frozen shoulder: brief review of pathology and imaging abnormalities
Kazuya Tamai, Miwa Akutsu, Yuichiro YanoThis narrative review examines the underlying pathology of primary frozen shoulder, a condition causing spontaneous pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. The authors summarize evidence indicating that the main issue…
frozen shoulderAdhesive capsulitisShoulder painTherapy - A++2014
The Role of Functional Foods in Cutaneous Anti-aging
Soyun ChoThis narrative review examines how functional foods and oral supplements may influence skin aging by addressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Research suggests that compounds such as carotenoids, aloe vera, red gin…
Anti-oxidant; Collagen; Functional foods; Photoaging - A++2014
Spatiotemporal Imaging of Glutamate-Induced Biophotonic Activities and Transmission in Neural Circuits
Rendong Tang, Jiapei DaiThis study on mouse brain tissue investigated biophotons, which are ultra-weak light emissions from biological systems. Researchers found that applying the neurotransmitter glutamate caused a significant and long-lastin…
fasciabiophotonsultraweak photons - A++2014
Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
E Proksch, D Segger, J Degwert, M Schunck, V Zague, S OesserThis double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of daily collagen peptide supplementation in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Participants received either porcine or bovine collagen, or a place…
skin agingCollagen hydrolysatecollagen peptidesskin health. - A2014
Fat Connected with the Primo Vascular System
Kyoung-Hee Bae, Kwang-Sup SohThis research entry is currently available as a title only, so a detailed summary is not yet possible. The title, "Fat Connected with the Primo Vascular System," suggests an investigation into the relationship between a…
fasciafatadipose tissueprimo vascular system (PVS) - A2014
Specific Sizes of Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Stimulate Fibroblast Migration and Excisional Wound Repair
C Tolg, P Telmer, E TurleyHyaluronan (HA) is a molecule important for wound healing, and its effects appear to depend on its size. In this study using cell cultures and animal models, researchers investigated how specific, small fragments of HA…
fasciahyaluronan molecular sizehyaluronan fragmentswound healing - B2014
Mechanisms of Myofascial Pain
M Saleet JafriThis 2014 narrative review discusses the potential causes of myofascial pain. Myofascial pain syndrome is a common condition involving painful trigger points in muscle, but its precise mechanisms are not well understood…
fasciaMyofascial painMyofascial trigger points - A2014
Deformations Experienced in the Human Skin, Adipose Tissue, and Fascia in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Zhiming Ji, Antonio Stecco, Thomas W FindleyThis study used a mathematical model to investigate how forces from manual therapy affect the skin, adipose tissue, and fascia. The researchers aimed to understand how much each layer deforms under compression and shear…
fasciaosteopathyManual Therapy - A+2014
Dietary Hyaluronic Acid Migrates into the Skin of Rats
Mariko Oe, Koichi Mitsugi, Wataru Odanaka, Hideto Yoshida, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Satoshi Seino, Tomoyuki Kanemitsu, Yasunob…In this animal study, researchers investigated whether orally ingested hyaluronic acid could reach the skin in rats. Using a radio-labeled version of hyaluronic acid, they tracked its path through the body after rats we…
Orally HAHA supplement - A++2014
Ingested hyaluronan moisturizes dry skin
Chinatsu Kawada, Takushi Yoshida, Hideto Yoshida, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Wakako Sakamoto, Wataru Odanaka, Toshihide Sato, Ta…This review article summarizes research on how oral hyaluronan (HA) supplements may influence skin hydration levels. Studies suggest that a daily intake of 120–240 mg of hyaluronic acid can contribute to increased moist…
hyaluronanhaHyaluronic acidSkinsupplementation - A2014
Biotensegrity of the extracellular matrix: physiology, dynamic mechanical balance, and implications in oncology and mechanotherapy
Irene Tadeo, Ana P Berbegall, Luis M Escudero,Tomás Álvaro, Rosa NogueraThis 2014 review article explores the concept of biotensegrity, a principle where cells and tissues maintain structural integrity through a balance of tension and compression. This dynamic mechanical balance involves th…
fasciaextracellular matrixcancerbiotensegritymechanotherapy - A+2014
Cartilage repair using human embryonic stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors
AIXIN CHENG, ZOHER KAPACEE, JIANG PENG, SHIBI LU, ROBERT J LUCAS, TIMOTHY E HARDINGHAM, SUSAN J KIMBERIn this animal study, researchers developed a method to turn human embryonic stem cells into cartilage-forming cells under laboratory conditions. These new cells were then implanted into cartilage defects in the knee jo…
arthritistissue regenerationCell transplantationEmbryonic stem cell - A++2014
The role of collagen crosslinks in ageing and diabetes - the good, the bad, and the ugly
Jess G Snedeker, Alfonso GautieriThis narrative review explores how glucose in the body can bind to proteins like collagen, a process called glycation. This process creates crosslinks that can change the mechanical properties and function of connective…
collagenCrosslinksageingadvanced glycation endproductstendon mechanics - C2014
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced excitation and sensitization to mechanical stimulation of mechanosensitive C-fiber afferents in rat skin
Asako Kubo, Toru Taguchi, Kazue MizumuraIn this animal study, researchers investigated the effects of the protein MCP-1, which is involved in inflammation, on nerve endings in the skin. Using skin-nerve preparations from rats, they found that applying MCP-1 d…
MCP-1CCL2Single fiber recordingUnmyelinated afferentsMechanical sensitization - A2014
Ultrasound Elastography: The New Frontier in Direct Measurement of Muscle Stiffness
Joline E Brandenburg, Sarah F Eby, Pengfei Song, Heng Zhao, Jeffrey S Brault, Shigao Chen, Kai-Nan AnThis 2014 review article describes ultrasound elastography, a technology that can directly measure the mechanical properties of tissue, such as muscle stiffness. The authors suggest that its real-time measurements can a…
musclesElastographydiagnostic imagingelasticityhardness - A2014
Our Internal Universe
Stephen M LevinThis 2014 entry, titled 'Our Internal Universe' by Stephen M Levin, has not yet been summarized. The title suggests a conceptual exploration of the body's internal environment, possibly from a structural or philosophica…
fasciaTensegrityhapticperception - A2014
Uptake and intracytoplasmic storage of pigmented particles by human CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes: endocytic property of telocytes
Lucio Díaz-Flores, Ricardo Gutiérrez, M Pino García, Francisco J Sáez, Fernando Aparicio, Lucio Díaz-Flores Jr, Juan F…Researchers investigated whether a specific type of connective tissue cell, called a telocyte, could absorb foreign particles. They examined human colon tissue that had been injected with India ink as a surgical marker.…
CD34+ stromal cells; colon; endocytosis; phagocytosis; skin; telocytes. - A++2014
Antioxidants, inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Harald Mangge, Kathrin Becker, Dietmar Fuchs, Johanna M GostnerThis narrative review explores the links between inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The authors explain that chronic immune activation in CVD leads to high levels of reactive oxygen specie…
Antioxidative therapy; Atherogenesis; Cardiovascular disease; Homocysteine; Neopterin; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Tetrahydrobiopterin; Tryptophan; Vitamins. - A+++2014
Case study: Could ultrasound and elastography visualized densified areas inside the deep fascia?
Carla Stecco fasciacyteIn this case study, researchers used ultrasound and elastography to visualize the deep fascia of a 40-year-old male with calf pain. The imaging techniques allowed them to see changes in the fascia's gliding, echogenicit…
Fascia; Myofascial pain; Fascial manipulation; Manual therapy; Densification; Gliding; Sliding system - A2014
Mapping Sensory Nerve Communications Between Peripheral Nerve Territories
ADIL LADAK, R SHANE TUBBS, ROBERT J SPINNERIn this literature review, researchers examined the traditional maps of skin sensation, known as dermatomes. They searched for evidence of direct communications between sensory nerves from different, adjacent spinal ner…
dermatomes; nerve; communications; map; cutaneous; sensory - A2014
Skin, fascias, and scars: symptoms and systemic connections
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis review article explores how skin, fascia, and scars are interconnected and can affect the entire body. The authors describe the skin as an organ that communicates with the nervous system and other structures. When…
fasciaOsteopathicSkinscarringscar - A2014
Contractile elements in muscular fascial tissue – implications for in-vitro contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia
K Hoppe, Robert Schleip, F Lehmann-Horn, Heike J€ager, Werner KlinglerMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but serious reaction to general anesthesia, diagnosed using a test on a skeletal muscle biopsy. Since muscle samples also contain fascia, which has contractile cells called myofibro…
myofibroblastsmalignant hyperthermiafascial tissuecontraction - B2014
Pro-Resolving lipid mediators and Mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation
Christopher D Buckley, Derek W Gilroy, Charles N SerhanIn this narrative review, the authors explain that the resolution of inflammation is an active, carefully orchestrated process, not just the passive stopping of an inflammatory response. Specific molecules called specia…
acute inflammationpro-resolving mediators - B2014
Altered Gene Transcription in Human Cells Treated with Ludox® Silica Nanoparticles
Caterina Fede, Caterina Millino, Beniamina Pacchioni, Barbara Celegato, Chiara Compagnin, Paolo Martini, Francesco Selv…This in vitro study investigated how human lung cells react to exposure to Ludox® silica nanoparticles, which are common in industrial and biomedical applications. Using genetic analysis, researchers observed that the c…
nanoparticles (NPs); cell toxicity; microarray gene expression; pathway analysis - A+++2014
The active role of vitamin C in mammalian iron metabolism: much more than just enhanced iron absorption!
Darius J R Lane, Des R RichardsonThis review explores how vitamin C (ascorbate) plays a sophisticated role in mammalian iron metabolism beyond simply enhancing absorption in the gut. Evidence suggests that vitamin C regulates how cells take up, store,…
Ascorbate; Dcytb; Ferritin; Free radicals; HIF; IRP; Iron; Transferrin; Vitamin C - A2014
Antioxidants in health and disease
E Ginter, V Simko, V PanakovaThis narrative review summarizes research on antioxidants published since 2010. The main role of antioxidants is to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to conditions like cardiovascular disease, c…
antioxidantsreactive oxygen species (ROS)vitamin C and Ecarotenoidspolyphenols - 1A+2014
Peripheral Mechanisms Contributing to Spasticity and Implications for Treatment
Antonio Stecco, Carla Stecco, P RaghavanThis narrative review explores how changes in connective tissue might contribute to spasticity following a central nervous system injury. The authors suggest that the initial injury can alter the turnover of hyaluronic…
fasciaConnective tissueStrokeCerebral palsyHypertonia - A++2014
Ultraweak photon emission as a non-invasive health assessment: a systematic review
John A Ives, Eduard P A van Wijk, Namuun Bat, Cindy Crawford, Avi Walter, Wayne B Jonas, Roeland van Wijk, Jan van der…This systematic review explores the use of ultraweak photon emission (UPE) as a non-invasive tool for assessing human health. By analyzing 56 studies, researchers found that measuring light particles emitted by the body…
Ultra-weak photon emissionultra-weak bioluminescencehealt assessment - A++2014
Role of reactive oxygen species in ultra-weak photon emission in biological systems
Pavel Pospíšil, Ankush Prasad, Marek RácThis narrative review explores the connection between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the faint light, or ultra-weak photon emission, that living organisms naturally produce. The authors explain that normal metabolic…
biophotonsChemiluminescenceReactive oxygen specieslipid peroxidationHydroxyl radical - A++2014
Age- and diabetes-related nonenzymatic crosslinks in collagen fibrils: Candidate amino acids involved in Advanced Glycation End-products
Alfonso Gautieri, Alberto Redaelli, Markus J Buehler, Simone VesentiniAdvanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are harmful crosslinks that form in collagen with aging and in diabetes, making tissues stiffer. However, the exact location of these crosslinks has been unclear. In this theoretic…
Advanced glycation end-products; Ageing; Atomistic simulations; Collagen; Crosslinks; Diabetes. - A2014
Whey protein hydrolysate augments tendon and muscle hypertrophy independent of resistance exercise contraction mode
J Farup, S K Rahbek, M H Vendelbo, A Matzon, J Hindhede, A Bejder, S Ringgard, K VissingThis study investigated the effects of resistance training combined with either whey protein or a placebo on muscle and tendon growth. Twenty-two participants performed 12 weeks of knee extension training, using eccentr…
patellar tendonstrength trainingeccentric trainingconcentric trainingrate of force development - A++2014
New perspective in cell communication: Potential role of ultra-weak photon emission
Ankush Prasad, Claudio Rossi, Stefania Lamponi, Pavel Pospíšil, Alberto FolettiThis 2014 narrative review explores how cells might communicate with each other. Beyond chemical signals and direct contact, the authors discuss evidence for communication via electromagnetic radiation, specifically ult…
fasciabiophotonsUltra-weak photon emissioncellular interactionbiocommunication - A2014
The cervical myodural bridge, a review of literature and clinical implications
Dennis E Enix, Frank Scali, Matthew E PontellThis literature review examines the cervical myodural bridge, a soft tissue connection between deep suboccipital muscles and the dura mater surrounding the spinal cord. This bridge appears to anchor the spinal cord and…
fasciarectus capitis posterior majordura materMyodural Bridgeobliquus capitis inferior - A2014
The effectiveness of exercise interventions to prevent sports injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Jeppe Bo Lauersen, Ditte Marie Bertelsen, Lars Bo AndersenThis systematic review and meta-analysis examined 25 studies to evaluate which types of exercise best prevent sports injuries. The analysis included over 26,000 participants and data on more than 3,400 injuries. Researc…
exercisesinjury prevention