Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A2019
Ultrasound Imaging of the Fascial Layers
Carmelo Pirri, Carla Stecco, Levent ÖzçakarThis publication, for which a full summary is not yet available, appears to discuss using ultrasound to visualize the body's fascial layers. Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique that provides real-time views o…
ultrasound.fascial layers - A2019
The diaphragm muscle manual evaluation scale
Bruno Bordoni, Bruno MorabitoThis technical report describes a new method for manually assessing the diaphragm's function, called the Manual Evaluation Diaphragm (MED) scale. The scale is designed to generate a value for the respiratory muscle's mo…
fasciaMyofascialdiaphragmSurgeryphrenic nerve - A2019
Genetics of lipedema: new perspectives on genetic research and molecular diagnoses
S Paolacci, V Precone, F Acquaviva, P Chiurazzi, E Fulcheri, M Pinelli, F Buffelli, S Michelini, K L Herbst, V Unfer, M…This 2019 review explored the genetic basis of lipedema. The researchers summarized existing knowledge to highlight the need for a genetic test to aid in diagnosis. They identified several genetic factors that may be re…
lipedemalipoedemaDifferential diagnosisSubcutaneous fatGenetic diagnosis - A2019
Cellular nanoscale stiffness patterns governed by intracellular forces
Nicola Mandriota, Claudia Friedsam, John A Jones-Molina, Kathleen V Tatem, Donald E Ingber, Ozgur SahinCell stiffness is important in many biological processes, but its precise relationship to the forces acting inside the cell has been unclear. In this study, researchers developed a new high-resolution imaging platform t…
Tensegritymechanotransductioncell - cell interaction - A2019
Chronic low back pain influences trunk neuromuscular control during unstable sitting among persons with lower-limb loss
Courtney M Butowicz, Julian C Acasio, Silfies Sheri P, Maury A Nussbaum, Brad D HendershotPeople with lower-limb loss are at a higher risk for chronic low back pain. This study investigated whether trunk postural control differs between those with and without pain in this population. Researchers had men with…
low back painBiomechanicsPostural controlAmputation - A2019
Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rolling
Sharief Hendricks, Hayd'n Hill, Steve den Hollander, Wayne Lombard, Romy ParkerThis systematic review analyzed 49 studies to understand how foam rolling affects athletic performance and recovery. The authors found evidence that foam rolling can decrease muscle stiffness and improve range of motion…
FlexibilityFoam rollingPerformanceRecovery - A2019
Intra-articular effects of combined xenogenous serum rich in growth factors (SRGF) and vitamin C on histopathology grading and staging of osteoarthritis in rat model
S Azizi, A Farsinejad, R Kheirandish, H FatemiThis animal study investigated a potential treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Researchers induced OA in the rats' knees and then treated them with intra-articular injections. One group received a combination of…
Osteoarthritis; SRGF; Monosodium iodoacetate; Vitamin C; Histopathology - A2019
Experimental myofascial trigger point creation in rodents
Ramon Margalef, Marc Sisquella, Marc Bosque, Clara Romeu, Orlando Mayoral, Sonia Monterde, Mercedes Priego, Rafael Guer…This animal study investigated how myofascial trigger points might form. Researchers treated mice and rats with a substance that increases nerve signals to the muscles, mimicking a state of high neurotransmission. This…
animal model; endplate noise; myofascial pain syndrome; myofascial trigger point; spontaneous acetylcholine release - A2019
Age-related changes in leg proprioception: implications for postural control
Mélanie Henry, Stéphane BaudryThis narrative review examines how aging affects proprioception—the body's sense of its own position and movement—and its implications for balance. To maintain an upright stance, the brain relies on signals from recepto…
proprioceptionmuscle spindlesbalanceIa afferentsupright standing - A2019
Improving the New Definition of Fascial System
Bruno BordoniThis narrative review proposes expanding the definition of the fascial system to include bone tissue. The author argues that bone, a specialized form of connective tissue, shares the same embryological origins as other…
fasciaChiropracticosteopathyManual Therapyfascial system - A2019
Glut-1 explains the evolutionary advantage of the loss of endogenous vitamin C-synthesis
Tabea C Hornung, Hans-Konrad BiesalskiUnlike many animals, humans cannot produce their own vitamin C. This study explores a potential evolutionary advantage of this loss. Researchers compared red blood cells from humans and pigs (who can make vitamin C) and…
glucose transporter; vitamin C; gulono-lactone-oxidase; vitamin C recycling - A2019
Structural Gender Dimorphism and the Biomechanics of the Gluteal Subcutaneous Tissue: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Cellulite
Christina Rudolph, Casey Hladik, Hassan Hamade, Konstantin Frank, Michael S Kaminer, Doris Hexsel, Robert H Gotkin, Nei…This study investigated gender differences in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region to better understand the development of cellulite. Researchers found that men have more and stronger fibrous connections (septa…
celluliteAGEfatty tissuemorpholgygender - A2019
The Primo Vascular System as a Possible Exosomal Route Across the Body: Implications for Tumor Proliferation and Metastasis
Chiara GhironThis literature review proposes a possible link between the primo vascular system (PVS)—a network associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine meridians—and the way cancer spreads. The theory is that exosomes, tiny vesi…
cancer microenvironment; exosomes; hyaluronic acid; primo vascular system; tumor metastasis. - A2019
Active Contractile Properties of Fascia
ROBERT SCHLEIP, WERNER KLINGLERThis narrative review explores how fascia, often seen as a passive tissue, can actively contract. Researchers point to the presence of cells called myofibroblasts within the fascia, which give it the ability to change i…
myofibroblast; fascia; connective tissue; contracture; stiffness; fibrosis - A2019
Fascial Nomenclature: Update on Related Consensus Process
Robert Schleip, Gil Hedley, Can A YucesoyThe term "fascia" is increasingly used across different health-oriented fields, but often inconsistently, which causes confusion. To address this, the Fascia Research Society established a Fascia Nomenclature Committee.…
fascia; terminology; Delphi technique; nomenclature; connective tissue - A2019
Biotensegrity or Fascintegrity
Bruno Bordoni, Matthew A Varacallo, Bruno Morabito, Marta SimonelliIn this theoretical review, the authors question the popular "biotensegrity" model for describing the body's mechanics. They argue the model is incomplete because it fails to account for crucial factors like bodily flui…
fasciaMyofascialOsteopathicphysiotherapyskeletal muscle - A2019
The myodural bridge complex defined as a new functional structure
Nan Zheng, Beom Sun Chung, Yi-Lin Li, Tai-Yuan Liu, Lan-Xin Zhang, Yang-Yang Ge, Nan-Xing Wang, Zhi-Hong Zhang, Lin Cai…The myodural bridge is a known connective tissue link between the deep suboccipital muscles and the spinal cord's outermost covering, the dura mater. In this anatomical study, researchers examined its precise structure…
Myodural BridgeThree-dimensional visualization modelP45 plastinated slicesSuboccipital region - A2019
Fascia thickness, aging and flexibility: is there an association?
Jan Wilke, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro, Carla SteccoThis study investigated how deep fascia thickness relates to age and flexibility in healthy women. Researchers compared a group of young women with a group of older women, using ultrasound to measure fascia thickness an…
connective tissue; hyaluronic acid; stiffness; myofascial; aging - A2019
Adhesive capsulitis: MRI correlation with clinical stages and proposal of MRI staging
Amarnath Chellathurai, Komalavalli Subbiah, Atchaya Elangovan,, Sivakumar KannappanThis study investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can reflect the clinical stages of adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder. Researchers analyzed MRIs from 74 patients, looking for sp…
Adhesive capsulitis; MRI staging; magnetic resonance imaging; frozen shoulder - A2019
Adhesive capsulitis: review of imaging findings, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options
Brandon K K Fields, Matthew R Skalski, Dakshesh B Patel, Eric A White, Anderanik Tomasian, Jordan S Gross, George R Mat…This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as "frozen shoulder." This debilitating condition, characterized by progressive pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint,…
frozen shoulderAdhesive capsulitiscoracohumeral ligamentMagnetic resonance imagingSubcoracoid fat triangle - A2019
Distinct fibroblast subsets drive inflammation and damage in arthritis
Adam P Croft, Joana Campos, Kathrin Jansen, Jason D Turner, Jennifer Marshall, Moustafa Attar, Loriane Savary, Corinna…This study in mice investigated the role of fibroblasts, a type of connective tissue cell, in arthritis. Researchers identified two distinct subsets of fibroblasts with different functions. One type, located in the syno…
Synovial fibroblasts; inflammation; arthritis; transcriptomics; rheumatoid arthritis - A2019
Role of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the development of frozen shoulder: human data and experimental analysis in a rat contracture model
Chul-Hyun Cho, Yun-Mee Lho, Ilseon Hwang, Du Hwan KimThis study investigated the biological processes behind frozen shoulder, a condition characterized by pain and stiffness. Researchers analyzed joint capsule tissue from both patients with frozen shoulder and from a rat…
inflammationfibrosisfrozen shoulderimmobilizationrat; matrix metalloproteinases - A2019
Lymphatic pump manipulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bruno BordoniThis narrative review examines the use of lymphatic pump manipulation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterized by persistent inflammation, and lymphatic techniques aim to red…
inflammationfasciaOsteopathicCOPDlymphatic pump - A2019
Fascial Nomenclature: An Update
Bruno Bordoni, Stevan Walkowski, Bruno Morabito, Matthew A VaracalloThis review article discusses the ongoing challenge of creating a single, comprehensive definition for fascia. The authors argue that different scientific and clinical fields view fascia through their own unique lenses,…
fasciamechanotransductionMyofascialOsteopathicphysiotherapy - A2019
Quantifying muscle glycosaminoglycan levels in patients with post-stroke muscle stiffness using T1p MRI
Rajiv G Menon, Preeti Raghavan, Ravinder R RegatteThis study is the first to quantify the amount of hyaluronan, a key component for gliding movements within fascia. Researchers measured hyaluronan in tissue samples from various human anatomical sites and found that the…
hyaluronanStrokestiffnesshyaluronidase - A2019
The neural basis of the senses of effort, force and heaviness
Uwe Proske, Trevor AllenThis narrative review explores how we sense effort, force, and heaviness during muscle contraction. Traditionally, these sensations were thought to originate in the brain from copies of motor commands. However, new evid…
Force sense · Proprioception · Muscle spindle · Tendon organ · Motor command · Efference copy · Vibration - A2019
Where is your head? Perception of relative position of the head on a wielded object
Jeffrey B Wagman, Takahiro HiguchiThis study explored how we perceive our body's position relative to an object we are holding or balancing. Researchers specifically tested this by having participants "wield" an object with their head, a body part not t…
Haptics . Perception and action . Touch - A2019
Existence and features of the myodural bridge in Gallus domesticus: indication of its important physiological function
Ya-Ru Dou, Nan Zheng, Jing Gong, Wei Tang, Chukwuemeka Samuel Okoye, Ying Zhang, Yu-Xiao Chen, Yu Zhang, Shi-Yi Pi, Lia…In this anatomical animal study, researchers investigated the existence of the myodural bridge (MDB) in chickens. The MDB is a dense connective tissue that links muscles in the upper neck to the spinal dura mater. The i…
Myodural Bridgecerebrospinal fluid circulationCollagen fiberGallus domesticus - A2019
A Systematic Review of the Morphology and Function of the Sacrotuberous Ligament
DANIELA ALDABE , NIELS HAMMER, NATASHA A M S FLACK, STEPHANIE J WOODLEYThis systematic review examined existing research on the sacrotuberous ligament (STL) to clarify its anatomy and function. The STL is often implicated in conditions like pelvic girdle pain, but its exact role has been d…
anatomy; pelvis; ligament; review - A2019
3D volumetric MR arthrographic assessment of shoulder joint capacity in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis
Hayri Ogul, Nurmuhammet Tas, Kutsi Tuncer, Gokhan Polat, Yasemin Ogul, Berhan Pirimoglu, Mecit KantarciThis study used 3D MR arthrography to measure and compare shoulder joint volume in patients with primary adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) against a healthy control group. Researchers found that the patient group ha…
frozen shoulderAdhesive capsulitisMR arthrography - A2019
Putative Primo-Vascular System in Rabbit Placenta
Fatma El-Zahraa A MustafaIn this animal study, researchers investigated the primo vascular system (PVS), a proposed network that may play a role in transport, tissue regeneration, and cell migration. While the PVS has been detected in other rab…
inflammatory cell; placenta; primo vascular system; primo vessel; rabbit. - A2019
Lipedema: A Call to Action!
Giacomo Buso, Michele Depairon, Didier Tomson, Wassim Raffoul, Roberto Vettor, Lucia MazzolaiThis narrative review summarizes the current understanding of lipedema, a chronic and progressive disease primarily affecting women. It is characterized by a painful, abnormal distribution of fat in the limbs, which oft…
lymphedemalipedema; obesity - A2019
Hyaluronan/collagen hydrogels containing sulfated hyaluronan improve wound healing by sustained release of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
Stephan Thönes, Sandra Rother, Tom Wippold, Joanna Blaszkiewicz, Kanagasabai Balamurugan, Stephanie Moeller, Gloria Rui…This study investigated a new type of hydrogel designed to improve wound healing. Researchers combined collagen and hyaluronan (HA), a natural component of connective tissue, with a growth factor that stimulates skin ce…
Biomimetic material; Extracellular matrix (ECM); Fibroblasts; Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF); Hyaluronan; Hydrogel; Sulfated hyaluronan; Surface plasmon resonance; Wound healing. - A2019
Intravascular heavy chain-modification of hyaluronan during endotoxic shock
Kevin Ni, Amar Gill, Danting Cao, Kengo Koike, Kelly S Schweitzer, Stavros Garantziotis, Irina PetracheIn this animal study, researchers investigated why a specific molecule, HC-modified hyaluronan (HC-HA), is critical for survival in systemic inflammation (like endotoxic shock) but less so in localized lung inflammation…
Hyaluronic acidInter-alpha-inhibitorSerum-derived hyaluronan-associated proteinTNFα stimulated gene 6Endotoxic shock - A2019
Suboccipital Myodural Bridges Revisited: Application to Cervicogenic Headaches
KEI KITAMURA, KWANG HO CHO, MASAHITO YAMAMOTO, MICHITAKE ISHII, GEN MURAKAMI, JOSÉ FRANCISCO RODRÍGUEZ-VÁZQUEZ, SHIN-IC…This anatomical study investigated the connective tissue structures, known as myodural bridges, in the suboccipital region of 30 human fetuses. Researchers identified two types of these bridges connecting muscles at the…
fetuses; atlas; cervical; cervical vertebra axis; pachymeninx; elastic fibers; cervicogenic headaches - A2019
Trigger Points, Pressure Pain Hyperalgesia, and Mechanosensitivity of Neural Tissue in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Pedro Fuentes-Márquez, Marie Carmen Valenza, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Ana Ríos-Sánchez, Olga Ocón-HernándezIn this case-control study, researchers compared women with chronic pelvic pain to a healthy control group. They found that women with pelvic pain had significantly more myofascial trigger points in their low back, glut…
Myofascial Pain Syndrome; Pressure Algometry; Neurodynamics; Chronic Pelvic Pain - A2019
Dermatome and Fasciatome
Carla Stecco, Carmelo Pirri, Caterina Fede, Chenglei Fan, Federico Giordani, Luigi Stecco, Calogero Foti, Raffaele De C…This theoretical paper proposes a new distinction between the body's sensory maps, based on increased knowledge of fascial innervation. The authors define a "dermatome" as the area of skin and superficial fascia supplie…
fascia; dermatome; nerve; pain; proprioception - A2019
The plasma membrane as a mechanochemical transducer
Anabel-Lise Le Roux, Xarxa Quiroga, Nikhil Walani, Marino Arroyo, Pere Roca-CusachsIn this review article, researchers describe how the plasma membrane, the cell's outer boundary, acts as a key sensor for mechanical forces. The membrane senses and responds to physical stresses from its environment, su…
mechanotransductionmechanosensorplasma membranemembrane tension - A2019
Oral Collagen Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Dermatological Applications
Franchesca D Choi, Calvin T Sung, Margit L W Juhasz, Natasha Atanaskova MesinkovskThis systematic review examined eleven clinical trials investigating the impact of oral collagen supplements on skin health. The findings suggest that collagen hydrolysates and peptides may improve skin elasticity, hydr…
wound healingcollagenskin aging - A2019
Tissue Regeneration from Mechanical Stretching of Cell–Cell Adhesion
Amir Monemian Esfahani, Jordan Rosenbohm, Keerthana Reddy, Xiaowei Jin, Tasneem Bouzid, Brandon Riehl, Eunju Kim, Jung…This narrative review explores how mechanical stretching can stimulate tissue regeneration and wound healing. Researchers have long known that cells respond to mechanical forces, but much of the focus has been on the co…
wound healingmechanotransductioncell–cell adhesionmechanical stretchingtissue regeneration - A2019
Hyaluronan: molecular size-dependent signaling and biological functions in inflammation and cancer
Anastasia G Tavianatou, Ilaria Caon, Marco Franchi, Zoi Piperigkou, Devis Galesso, Nikos K KaramanosThis narrative review explores how hyaluronan (HA), a key component of the extracellular matrix, functions differently depending on its molecular size. Large, high-molecular weight HA has different biological properties…
cancer; CD44; cell signaling; hyaluronan; inflammation; pharmacological targeting; RHAMM - A2018
Low Back Pain: The Potential Contribution of Supraspinal Motor Control and Proprioception
Michael Lukas Meier, Andrea Vrana, Petra SchweinhardtThis narrative review explores how motor control—the brain's management of posture and movement—adapts in people with low back pain. While these movement adaptations may reduce pain in the short term, they can sometimes…
proprioceptionlow back painmotor controlchronic painmotor cortex - A2018
Hyaluronan in adipogenesis, adipose tissue physiology and systemic metabolism
Yi Zhu, llja L Kruglikov, Yucel Akgul, Philipp E SchererThis narrative review summarizes research on hyaluronic acid (HA), a sugar molecule abundant in the body's extracellular matrix. The functions of HA are largely dictated by its molecular size, and it is commonly used as…
HA - A2018
Treatment for cellulite
Neil SadickThis brief review summarizes the scientific evidence for various treatments for cellulite, a condition present in 80% to 90% of post-pubertal women. The author examines the safety and efficacy of methods ranging from to…
Cellulite pathophysiology adipocytes radiofrequency lasers - A2018
The influence of breathing on the central nervous system
Bruno Bordoni, Shahin Purgol, Annalisa Bizzarri, Maddalena Modica, Bruno MorabitoThis narrative review explores the diaphragm's extensive influence on the central nervous system. The authors discuss how the rhythm of our breath can physically move the brain, alter patterns of neural oscillation, and…
diaphragmbreathingphrenic nervevagus nerveneural oscillation - A2018
Frontiers in fascia research
Carla Alessandra Avila Gonzalez, Mark Driscoll, Robert Schleip, Scott Wearing, Eric Jacobson, Thomas Findley, Werner Kl…This article reviews recent developments in fascia research, emphasizing new ways to assess this highly variable tissue. Researchers note that fascia differs greatly between individuals in density, stiffness, and metabo…
fasciaultrasound.Pain therapySport sciencesIndentometry - A2018
Elevated expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 associates with decreased survival in diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas
Mari Valkonen, Hannu Haapasalo, Kirsi Rilla, Kristiina Tyynelä-Korhonen, Ylermi Soini , Sanna Pasonen-SeppänenAstrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumor in adults. In this retrospective study, researchers investigated hyaluronan, a key component of the brain's extracellular matrix, and its related enzymes in 163 tumor…
hyaluronanHyaluronan synthaseAstrocytomaPrognosisGlioma - A2018
Not merely a protective packing organ? A review of fascia and its force transmission capacity
Jan Wilke, Robert Schleip, Can A Yucesoy, Winfried BanzerThis review article examines fascia's role in transmitting force throughout the body. Traditionally seen as just a "packing" material, research now suggests fascia is an active tissue that connects muscles into a body-w…
epimuscular; fascia; force transmission; myofascial chains - A2018
Muscle spindles of the rat sternomastoid muscle
Walter Giuriati, Barbara Ravara, Andrea Porzionato, Giovanna Albertin, Carla Stecco, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro,…This animal study on rats examined the sternomastoid muscle in the neck, which has a unique structure. Researchers found it has two distinct regions: a superficial "white" part with fast-twitch fibers and a deep "red" p…
ratsternomastoid musclemuscle spindlesfiber typestranslational studies - A2018
Lipedema—An update
Uwe WollinaThis review provides an update on lipedema, a chronic condition affecting subcutaneous fat tissue in the limbs, almost exclusively in women. It typically appears during or after puberty and is characterized by symmetric…
painEdemaobesitylipedemalymphedema - A2018
What Is the Point? The Problem with Acupuncture Research That No One Wants to Talk About
Helene M Langevin, Peter M WayneIn this 2018 commentary, the authors address a persistent criticism of acupuncture research: the unclear scientific basis for "acupuncture points." They argue that the acupuncture research community has not paid enough…
acupunctureAnatomyacupuncture pointsmethodology - A2018
A review of the impact of pregnancy and childbirth on pelvic floor function as assessed by objective measurement techniques
Hans Van Geelen, Donald Ostergard, Peter SandThis narrative review examines how pregnancy and childbirth affect the pelvic floor, based on studies using objective measurement tools like ultrasound and MRI. The authors found that pregnancy, particularly the first,…
Pregnancy . Childbirth . Vaginal delivery . Cesarean delivery . Pelvic floor function . Objective measurement techniques - A2018
The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system
Bruno Bordoni, Bruno Morabito, Roberto Mitrano, Marta Simonelli, Anastasia ToccafondiIn this review article, the authors examine the tongue's functions and its anatomical connections to the rest of the body. The tongue is not only essential for swallowing, breathing, and speaking, but it also affects po…
fasciadiaphragmphysiotherapytonguespeech therapy - A2018
Morphological evidence of telocytes in human synovium
Irene Rosa, Mirca Marini, Daniele Guasti, Lidia Ibba-Manneschi, Mirko ManettiA relatively new type of cell, called a telocyte, has been found in many human tissues. This study was the first to look for and find these cells in the synovial membrane, which is the lining of our movable joints. Usin…
telocytessynovium - A2018
Non-invasive Assessment of Lameness in Horses with Dorsal Spinous Process Impingement “Kissing spine”: A Case Study.
Adrian P Harrison, Anja Jensen, Karoline Holst Riis, Kiwa Riis-OlesenIn this case study, researchers examined a horse with recurring lameness and "kissing spine" using three non-invasive techniques. Acoustic myography was used to assess muscle activity and locate the injury, while bioimp…
Bioimpedance analysis; Accelerometry; Acoustic myography; lameness - A2018
Immediate effects of self-myofascial release on latent trigger point sensitivity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Jan Wilke, Lutz Vogt, Winfried BanzerThis randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined whether foam rolling could immediately reduce sensitivity in latent trigger points. Researchers compared 90 seconds of static compression, dynamic rolling, and a placeb…
fasciaMyofascial painFoam rollingSelf-masage - A2018
Mineralization can be an incidental ultrasonographic finding in equine tendons and ligaments
Etienne J O O'Brien, Roger K W SmithIn this observational study on horses, researchers investigated the presence of mineralization, or calcium deposits, in tendons and ligaments using ultrasound. They found it was most common in the deep digital flexor te…
horsecalcificationDopplerossification - A2018
A fundamental critique of the fascial distortion model and its application in clinical practice
Christoph ThalhamerThis narrative review critiques the Fascial Distortion Model (FDM), a manual therapy approach based on the idea that all musculoskeletal complaints stem from distortions of fascia. The author investigated the scientific…
Manual Therapyfasciaefascial distortion modelreductionismtypaldos - A2018
Meaning of the Solid and Liquid Fascia to Reconsider the Model of Biotensegrity
Bruno Bordoni, David Lintonbon, Bruno MorabitoThis theoretical article proposes a reconsideration of the traditional biotensegrity model. The authors argue that fascia should be viewed as a system with both solid and liquid components, where blood and lymph constit…
fasciaChiropracticManual TherapyMyofascialOsteopathic - A2018
Measuring the Human Ultra-Weak Photon Emission Distribution Using an Electron-Multiplying, Charge-Coupled Device as a Sensor
Fernando Ortega-Ojeda, Matías Calcerrada, Alejandro Ferrero, Joaquín Campos, Carmen Garcia-RuizLiving systems, including humans, emit an extremely faint light called ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). This light is thought to be a byproduct of metabolic processes, particularly those involving reactive oxygen speci…
ultra-weak photon emission; spectrometer; measurement; electron multiplying charge coupled device sensor; liquid crystal tunable filter