Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A++2014
Highly sensitive imaging for ultra-weak photon emission from living organisms
Masaki KobayashiThis review article describes research on ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), also known as biophotons, which is faint light spontaneously emitted from living organisms. This light emission is associated with metabolic pr…
biophotonsUltra-weak photon emissionCCDReactive oxygen speciesImaging - A2014
Definition of the To Be Named Ligament and Vertebrodural Ligament and Their Possible Effects on the Circulation of CSF
Nan Zheng, Xiao-Ying Yuan, Yun-Fei Li, Yan-Yan Chi, Hai-Bin Gao, Xin Zhao, Sheng-Bo Yu, Hong-Jin Sui, John SharkeyIn this cadaver study, researchers investigated connective tissue structures in the upper neck of 30 human specimens. They identified two specific ligaments, the 'to be named ligament' (TBNL) and the vertebrodural ligam…
fasciadura materMyodural Bridgecerebrospinal fluid circulation - A2014
Fascia—Current knowledge and future directions in physiatry: Narrative review
E H Kwong, T W FindleyIn this 2014 narrative review, the authors discuss fascia from the perspective of physiatry, or rehabilitation medicine. They note that while fascia is part of the body's connective tissue, its definition is unclear in…
fasciaHyaluronic acidConnective tissuefibroblastmechanotransduction - 1A+2014
Hyaluronan: Biosynthesis and signaling
D Vigetti, E Karousou, M Viola, S Deleonibus, G De Luca, A PassiThis 2014 narrative review discusses hyaluronan (HA), a key component of the extracellular matrix. Beyond its structural role in tissue hydration and architecture, HA is an active signaling molecule. The authors highlig…
extracellular matrixGlycosaminoglycanAMPKO-GlcNacylationHyaluronan receptor - A2014
Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Protects Skin Fibroblasts against Apoptosis Induced by Environmental Stress
Yan Wang, Mark E Lauer, Sanjay Anand, Judith A Mack, Edward V MaytinSkin fibroblasts need to manage environmental stress, such as UV radiation. This study on mouse cells investigated how hyaluronan (HA) and the enzymes that produce it help fibroblasts survive. Researchers found that cel…
Apoptosis; Caspase; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblast; Hyaluronan; Skin; Stress. - A2014
A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function
Katerina Nikolovska, Jana K Renke, Oliver Jungmann, Kay Grobe, Renato V Iozzo, Alina D Zamfir, Daniela G SeidlerThis study in mice investigated how the absence of a proteoglycan called decorin affects skin structure and function. Researchers found that mice lacking decorin had an altered composition of other sugar molecules (chon…
extracellular matrixDecorinSLRPDermatan sulfateFibroblast growth factor - A++2014
Biophoton signal transmission and processing in the brain
Rendong Tang, Jiapei DaiThis narrative review explores an alternative theory of how brain cells communicate. The traditional view is that the nervous system uses bioelectrical and chemical signals, but these models struggle to explain higher b…
biophotonsUltra-weak photon emissionsBiophotonic transmissionNeural signal transmission and processingNeural circuits - 1A+2014
Crosstalk between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells
S Van Linthout, K Miteva, C TschöpeThis narrative review describes how fibroblasts, traditionally seen as passive cells that produce extracellular matrix, are increasingly understood as active key players in the immune system. The authors provide an over…
fibroblastMyofibroblastInnate and adaptive immune responseHeart failure - B2014
Identification and signature profiles for pro-resolving and inflammatory lipid mediators in human tissue
Romain A Colas, Masakazu Shinohara, Jesmond Dalli, Nan Chiang, Charles N SerhanResearchers developed a method to identify and measure specific molecules in human blood and lymphoid tissues called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These molecules are known to actively help resolve inflamm…
inflammationresolutioneicosanoidsresolvins - A++2014
Vibration therapy: clinical applications in bone
William R Thompson, Sherwin S Yen, Janet RubinThis review article explores vibration therapy as a way to mimic the positive effects of physical activity on bone and muscle, especially for frail individuals who cannot exercise. Animal and human studies suggest that…
low-intensity vibration; mesenchymal stem cells; osteocyte; osteoporosis - A2014
Lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns in three stances under graded loading conditions: Proposing a tensegrity model for load transfer through the sacroiliac joints
Hamed Pardehshenas, Nader Maroufi, Mohammad Ali Sanjari, Mohamad Parnianpour, Stephen M LevinResearchers investigated how lumbopelvic muscles activate to stabilize the sacroiliac (SI) joints under different loads. They compared muscle activity in 30 men during two-legged and one-legged standing while holding we…
fasciasacroiliac jointload transferwire-spoke wheel modelarch theory; Self-bracing - A++2014
Low-intensity vibration improves angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic mice
Eileen M Weinheimer-Haus, Stefan Judex, William J Ennis, Timothy J KohThis animal study investigated if whole-body low-intensity vibration (LIV) could improve chronic wound healing in diabetic mice. Mice with surgical wounds received either 30 minutes of daily vibration or a sham treatmen…
wound healingvibrationsdiabetic wounds - A2014
Vitamin C in the Treatment and/or Prevention of Obesity
Diego Fernando GARCIA-DIAZ, Patricia LOPEZ-LEGARREA, Pablo QUINTERO, Jose Alfredo MARTINEZIn this 2014 narrative review, the authors examine the relationship between vitamin C and obesity. Obesity is often linked to oxidative stress, which can lead to other health issues like diabetes and cardiovascular dise…
Oxidative stressAscorbic acidantioxidantbody weight - A2013
Hyaluronan: A Simple Polysaccharide with Diverse Biological Functions
Kevin T Dicker, Lisa A Gurski, Swati Pradhan-Bhatt, Robert L Witt, Mary C Farach-Carson, Xinqiao JiaThis review paper describes hyaluronan (HA), a simple sugar molecule found abundantly throughout the body's connective tissues. Despite its simple structure, HA has a surprising array of biological functions. It helps o…
hyaluronanfasciawound healingsynthasehyaluronidase - B2013
Hyaluronic acid production and molecular weight improvement by redirection of carbon flux towards its biosynthesis pathway
Mihir V Shah, Sneh S Badle, K B RamachandranResearchers investigated how to optimize the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) in bacteria. In the bacterium *Streptococcus zooepidemicus*, HA production competes for the same nutrients as other processes like cell gro…
Hyaluronic acidMetabolic flux analysisBatch processingBioreactorsProduction kinetics - A2013
Metabolic control of hyaluronan synthases
Davide Vigetti, Manuela Viola, Evgenia Karousou, Giancarlo De Luca, Alberto PassiThis narrative review explores how a cell's energy and nutritional status regulate the production of hyaluronan (HA), a key component of the extracellular matrix. HA is synthesized by enzymes called HAS, which require s…
fasciaGlycosaminoglycanO-GlcNacylationUDP-GlcUAUDP-GlcNA - B2013
The resolution of inflammation
Christopher D Buckley, Derek W Gilroy, Charles N Serhan, Brigitta Stockinger, Paul P TakThis article summarizes a discussion from a scientific conference on how to turn off undesirable inflammation. There is a growing appreciation that the resolution of inflammation, much like its initiation, is an active…
inflammationresolution - B2013
Vitamin C further improves the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on acute hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes
ANTONIO CERIELLO, ANNA NOVIALS, EMILIO ORTEGA, SILVIA CANIVELL, LUCIA LA SALA, GEMMA PUJADAS, LOREDANA BUCCIARELLI, MAU…Acute low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in people with type 1 diabetes can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to the lining of blood vessels. This study investigated whether the hormone GLP-1 and vitamin C co…
Oxidative stressdiabetesVitamin C - A2013
Fascia Research Congress Evidence from the 100 year perspective of Andrew Taylor Still
Thomas W Findley, Mona ShalwalaThis review paper examines research from the first three International Fascia Research Congresses through the perspective of Andrew Taylor Still, the founder of osteopathic medicine. Over a century ago, Still described…
fasciaextracellular matrixfibroblastOsteopathic medicinefascia anatomy - A++2013
Air ions and mood outcomes: a review and meta-analysis
Vanessa Perez, Dominik D Alexander, William H BaileyThis review and meta-analysis examined 33 studies to investigate how air ions affect human psychological states. The authors found no consistent effects of positive or negative ionization on anxiety, general mood, relax…
systematic reviewepidemiologyMood disordersDepressionAir ionization - 1A+2013
Cytoskeletal remodeling of connective tissue fibroblasts in response to static stretch is dependent on matrix material properties
R D Abbott, C Koptiuch, J C Iatridis, A K Howe, G J Badger, H M LangevinThis study investigated how fibroblasts, the cells within connective tissue, change shape in response to static stretching. Researchers compared fibroblasts in loose (areolar) and dense connective tissues, as well as ce…
Fibroblasts; cytoskeleton; dense connective tissue; areolar connective tissue; mechanotransduction - 1A+2013
Stress and Matrix-Responsive Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Fibroblasts
R D Abbott, C Koptiuch, J C Iatridis, A K Howe, G J Badger, H M LangevinIn loose connective tissue, fibroblasts change shape in response to static stretch, which helps the tissue relax. This study investigated whether this response depends on the cell itself or its surrounding environment,…
Fibroblasts; cytoskeleton; dense connective tissue; areolar connective tissue; mechanotransduction - A++2013
Cell-to-cell signaling through light: just a ghost of chance?
Ondřej Kučera, Michal CifraThis paper examines the physical feasibility of cell-to-cell communication via weak light signals, often referred to as biophotons. The researchers analyze whether electromagnetic signaling is possible when considering…
Cell signalingbiophotonsphoton emission - A+++2013
Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection
Yejin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Seyeon Bae, Jiwon Choi, Sun Young Lim, Naeun Lee, Joo Myung Kong, Young-il Hwang, Jae Seung Kang…This animal study investigated how vitamin C affects the immune response to influenza A virus (H3N2). Researchers used mice that, like humans, cannot synthesize their own vitamin C. When these mice were made vitamin C-d…
immune responseVitamin Cantiviralinfluenza Ainterferon alfa/beta - A+2013
Local vitamin-C Injection Reduced Tendon Adhesion in a Chicken Model of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Injury
Leung-Kim Hung, Sai-Chuen Fu, Yuk-Wa Lee, Tsui-Yu Mok, Kai-Ming ChanThis animal study investigated whether vitamin C could reduce scar tissue formation after a tendon injury. Researchers injured a flexor tendon in chickens and then injected either vitamin C or a saline solution at the s…
Vitamin Chealing tendonadhesion - A2013
Nociception originating from the crural fascia in rats
T Taguchi, M Yasui, A Kubo, M Abe, H Kiyama, A Yamanaka, K MizumuraThis animal study investigated how the crural fascia, the connective tissue around the lower leg muscles, might be a source of pain signals in rats. Researchers found that this fascia is densely populated with nerve fib…
fasciacrural fascianociceptorsactivity-dependent change in conduction velocity (ADCCV)twin pulse difference (TPD) - 1A+2013
Fascial Components of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Antonio Stecco, M Gesi, Carla Stecco, R SternMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) involves muscle pain and other symptoms linked to trigger points, but the role of fascia is often overlooked. This review summarizes recent research into the biology of fascia to better un…
fasciaHyaluronic aciddensificationMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS)Myofascial trigger - A2013
Sensory findings after stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia with hypertonic saline suggest its contribution to low back pain
Andreas Schilder, Ulrich Hoheisel, Walter Magerl, Justus Benrath, Thomas Klein, Rolf-Detlef TreedeThis experimental study investigated the role of the thoracolumbar fascia as a potential source of low back pain. Researchers injected a pain-inducing saline solution into the fascia, back muscles, and subcutaneous tiss…
fasciaThoracolumbar fascialow back painhypertonic salineerector spinae muscle - A2013
Plantar fascia anatomy and its relationship with Achilles tendon and paratenon
Carla Stecco, Marco Corradin, Veronica Macchi, Aldo Morra, Andrea Porzionato, Carlo Biz, Raffaele De CaroThis study investigated the detailed anatomy of the plantar fascia and its connection to the Achilles tendon. Dissections of human cadavers revealed that the fascia is more closely linked to the paratenon (the tendon's…
hyaluronanfasciaFasciacyteachilles tendonparatenon - A+2013
Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Guo-Chong Chen, Da-Bing Lu, Zhi Pang, Qing-Fang LiuThis meta-analysis combined data from multiple prospective studies to investigate the link between vitamin C and stroke risk. The researchers found that people with higher dietary intake of vitamin C had a lower risk of…
antioxidants • diet • meta-analysis • prevention • stroke - B2013
Understanding mechanotransduction and biotensegrity from an adaptation perspective
Leon ChaitowThis article, for which only the title is available, appears to be a conceptual exploration of mechanotransduction and biotensegrity. Mechanotransduction is the process by which cells sense and respond to mechanical for…
Editorial - A2013
Dosed Myofascial Release in Three-Dimensional Bioengineered Tendons: Effects on Human Fibroblast Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Cytokine Secretion
Thanh V Cao, Michael R Hicks, David Campbell, Paul R StandleyThis laboratory study investigated how different amounts and durations of simulated myofascial release (MFR) affect lab-grown human tendon tissue. Researchers applied varying degrees of stretch for different lengths of…
fasciamusculoskeletal manipulationsFibroblaststendons - A2013
Earthing (Grounding) the Human Body Reduces Blood Viscosity—a Major Factor in Cardiovascular Disease
Gaétan Chevalier, Stephen T Sinatra, James L Oschman, Richard M DelanyThis small study investigated how direct physical contact with the earth, known as 'grounding' or 'earthing', affects blood properties. Ten healthy participants were grounded for two hours using conductive patches on th…
fasciaearthinggroundingearth surface electronscardiovasclar disease - A2013
Visceral and Somatic Disorders: Tissue Softening with Frequency-Specific Microcurrent
Carolyn R McMakin, James L OschmanThis review article explores a technique called Frequency-Specific Microcurrent (FSM), which uses microampere-level electrical currents to treat various health conditions. A consistent finding is a rapid and palpable so…
fasciafrequency-specific microcurrentvisceral diseasesomatic disease - A2013
Training principles for fascial connective tissues: Scientific foundation and suggested practical applications
Robert Schleip, Divo Gitta MüllerConventional sports training often emphasizes muscles, cardiovascular conditioning, and coordination, yet most overload injuries occur within the body's connective tissue network, or fascia. This review article proposes…
fasciaStretchingfascial netCollagen renewalelastic recoil - A++2013
Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview
Shailja Chambial, Shailendra Dwivedi, Kamla Kant Shukla, Placheril J John, Praveen SharmaThis narrative review provides an overview of Vitamin C's many roles in the body. It is essential for developing and maintaining connective tissues, and plays a key part in bone formation, wound healing, and gum health.…
cancerdiabetesVitamin CImmunityinfertility - A++2013
Ascorbate supplementation inhibits growth and metastasis of B16FO melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitamin-C deficient mice
John Cha, M Waheed Roomi, Vadim Ivanov, Tatiana Kalinovsky, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki, Matthias RathThis animal study investigated how Vitamin C (ascorbate) supplementation affects cancer growth in mice that, like humans, cannot produce their own. Researchers injected melanoma or breast cancer cells into two groups of…
Tumor growthinterleukin-6apoptosismetastasisascorbate - C2013
What Lies Beneath: Sub-Articular Long Bone Shape Scaling in Eutherian Mammals and Saurischian Dinosaurs Suggests Different Locomotor Adaptations for Gigantism
Matthew F Bonnan, D Ray Wilhite, Simon L Masters, Adam M Yates, Christine K Gardner, Adam AguiarThis study explored why giant dinosaurs were more common than giant mammals by examining their joint structures. Researchers compared the long bones of large mammals like elephants and rhinos with those of saurischian d…
fasciaeutherian mammalsdinosaursherbivoresgiant mammals - C2013
Of Mice, Men and Elephants: The Relation between Articular Cartilage Thickness and Body Mass
Jos Malda, Janny C de Grauw, Kim E M Benders, Marja J L Kik, Chris H A van de Lest, Laura B Creemers, Wouter J A Dhert,…This study investigated how articular cartilage adapts to body size across different mammals. Researchers analyzed cartilage from the knee joints of 58 species, ranging from mice to elephants. They found that while cart…
fasciamammalsarticular cartilagetissue ticknessosteochondral cores - A++2013
Squeeze film lubrication for non-Newtonian fluids with application to manual medicine
Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Max Roman, Antonio Stecco, Thomas FindleyResearchers used a mathematical model to investigate how manual therapy affects the fluid in and around fascia. The model focused on hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural lubricant in connective tissue. The results suggest th…
fasciaHyaluronic acidmassage therapyvibrationsmanual manipulation - A2013
Human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations
Anitra C Carr, Stephanie M Bozonet, Juliet M Pullar, Jeremy W Simcock, Margreet C M VissersThis study investigated how vitamin C intake affects its concentration in human skeletal muscle. Researchers gave 36 men either half a kiwifruit or two kiwifruits daily for six weeks, as kiwifruit is a rich source of vi…
Vitamin Cascorbate - A+2013
The myofibroblast matrix: implications for tissue repair and fibrosis
Franco Klingberg, Boris Hinz, Eric S WhiteThis review explores the role of myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue repair and fibrosis. The ECM is not just a passive scaffold for cells, but an active tissue with its own bioactive properties.…
ECM; myofibroblast; fibrosis - A+2013
Reduced adipose tissue lymphatic drainage of macromolecules in obese subjects: a possible link between obesity and local tissue inflammation?
N Arngrim, L Simonsen, J J Holst, J BülowResearchers compared lymphatic drainage from abdominal fat tissue in lean and obese men. They measured drainage before and after the men consumed a glucose drink, which mimics the body's response to a meal. In lean men,…
adipose tissue; lymphatic drainage; blood flow; glucose load; obesity; diabetes - A2013
Telocytes: ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological characteristics in human myometrium
Sanda M Cretoiu, Dragos Cretoiu, Adela Marin, Beatrice Mihaela Radu, Laurentiu M PopescuThis study identifies a specific cell type, telocytes, within the muscular wall of both the pregnant and non-pregnant human uterus. Researchers found that these cells have a different structure depending on whether the…
telocytesuterine - A2013
Anatomic connections of the diaphragm: influence of respiration on the body system
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis review article explains why the diaphragm muscle is a critical crossroads of information for the entire body. The authors describe its extensive anatomical, fascial, and neurological connections, which link it to s…
fasciadiaphragmPelvisphrenic nervevagus nerve - A2013
Direct magnetic resonance (MR) shoulder arthrography: posterior approach under ultrasonographic guidance and abduction (PAUGA
R F Grasso, E Faiella, P Cimini, R L Cazzato, G Luppi, F Martina, R Del Vescovo, B Beomonte ZobelThis study evaluated a specific technique, called PAUGA, for injecting contrast dye into the shoulder joint before an MRI scan (MR arthrography). Researchers used ultrasound to guide a needle from the back of the should…
ShoulderDirect MR arthrographyUS guidance - B2013
CCN2: a mechanosignaling sensor modulating integrin-dependent connective tissue remodeling in fibroblasts?
Andrew LeaskMechanical tension is essential for the function and health of connective tissue. In skin fibroblasts, the protein integrin β1 plays a key role in adhesion and in regulating healing and fibrosis (scarring). This theoret…
fibrosismechanotransductionIntegrinsCCN2CTGF - B2013
Cranial nerves XIII and XIV: nerves in the shadows
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis narrative review discusses two often-overlooked cranial nerves: the terminal nerve (XIII) and the intermediate nerve (XIV). The authors note that while these nerves have been known for over a century, they are freq…
cranial nervefacial nervetrigeminal systemTolosa-Hunt syndrome - A++2013
The application of matrix rhythm therapy as a new clinical modality in burn physiotherapy programmes
Zübeyir Sarı, Mine Gülden Polat, Bahar Özgül, Onur Aydogdu, Burcu Camcıoglu, Ahmet Hakan Acar, Saadet Ufuk YurdalanThis study investigated the use of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT) as part of a physiotherapy program for patients with upper extremity burn injuries. A group of patients received a treatment protocol that included whirlpoo…
Matrix Rhythm TherapyBurnsPhysiotherapy and rehabilitation - A++2013
Mathematical Analysis of the Flow of Hyaluronic Acid Around Fascia During Manual Therapy Motions
Max Roman, Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Antonio Stecco,Thomas FindleyThis study used a mathematical model to simulate how different manual therapy techniques affect the flow of hyaluronic acid (HA) within fascia. The researchers compared constant sliding, perpendicular vibration, and tan…
hyaluronanfasciaManual Therapyfluid flowvibration - A++2013
Vibration Induced Osteogenic Commitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced by Cytoskeletal Remodeling but not Fluid Shear
Gunes Uzer, Suphannee Pongkitwitoon, M Ete Chan, Stefan JudexThis laboratory study investigated how mechanical vibrations encourage stem cells to develop into bone cells. Researchers tested two potential mechanisms: the force of fluid moving across the cells (fluid shear) and cha…
fasciaBonedifferentiationProliferationvibrations - A++2013
Implementation of Matrix Rhythm Therapy and Conventional Massage in Young Females and Comparison of Their Acute Effects on Circulation
Ferruh Taspinar, Ummuhan Bas Aslan, Nuran Sabir, Ugur CavlakThis randomized controlled trial compared the acute effects of Matrix Rhythm Therapy and conventional massage on lower leg blood circulation in young, healthy women. Fifteen participants received a single 30-minute sess…
fascia - A2013
Helical Structure of the Cardiac Ventricular Anatomy Assessed by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Multiresolution Tractography
Ferran Poveda, Debora Gil, Enric Marti, Albert,aluz, Manel Ballester, Francesc CarrerasIn this animal study, researchers used advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer modeling to visualize the complex fiber structure of the heart muscle in dogs. They developed an automated method to trace th…
fasciaheartifdfusion magnetic resonance imagingdiffusion tractographyhelical heart - A2013
A pilot study of myofascial release therapy compared to Swedish massage in Fibromyalgia
Ginevra Liptan, Scott Mist, Cheryl Wright, Anna Arzt, Kim Dupree JonesThis small pilot study compared the effects of myofascial release (MFR) and Swedish massage on women with fibromyalgia. Participants received either MFR or Swedish massage for 90 minutes weekly over four weeks. While bo…
fasciaMyofascial releaseFibromyalgiamassage therapycentral sensitization - A+2013
R-Spondin 1 promotes vibration-induced bone formation in mouse models of osteoporosis
Haitao Wang, Tracy A Brennan, Elizabeth Russell, Jung-Hoon Kim, Kevin P Egan, Qijun Chen, Craig Israelite, David C Schu…This animal study on mice investigated how mechanical signals, like vibration, can stimulate bone growth. Researchers identified proteins secreted by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in response to vibration. They fo…
Mechanical signals; vibration; R-spondin 1; telomerase; telomere; aging; osteoporosis; mesenchymal stem cells - A2013
Histological examination of the human obliquus capitis inferior myodural bridge
Matthew E Pontella, Frank Scali, Dennis E Enix, Patrick J Battaglia, Ewarld MarshallThis cadaver study examined the connection between a deep neck muscle, the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI), and the dura mater, the tough outer layer covering the spinal cord. Researchers dissected tissue from eight cad…
fasciacervical spineMyodural Bridgeobliquus capitis inferiordura - A2013
Histological analysis of the rectus capitis posterior major’s myodural bridge
Frank Scali, Matthew E Pontell, Dennis E Enix, Ewarld MarshallThis cadaver study investigated a small tissue bridge between a suboccipital muscle (rectus capitis posterior major) and the dura mater, the protective covering of the spinal cord. Using microscopic analysis on tissue f…
fasciacervical spinerectus capitis posterior majorMyodural Bridgecervical dura mater - A2013
Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future
Byung-Cheon Lee, Walter J Akers, Xianghong Jing, M Isabel Miguel Perez, Yeonhee RyuAs only the title of this article was available, this summary is necessarily limited. The title, "Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future," suggests this is a review article. It likely covers the history of the…
fasciaprimo vascular systemeditorial - 1A+2013
History of Bioelectrical Study and the Electrophysiology of the Primo Vascular System
Sang Hyun Park, Eung Hwi Kim, Ho Jong Chang, Seung Zhoo Yoon, Ji Woong Yoon, Seong-Jin Cho, Yeon-Hee RyuThis review paper summarizes the history of research on the bioelectrical properties of the primo vascular system (PVS), also known as the Bonghan system. This system has been proposed as a novel circulatory system in t…
primo vascular systemelectrophysiologybioelectrical signals - A2013
Complete Obstetric Anal Sphincter Tear and Risk of Long-term Fecal Incontinence: A Cohort Study
Mette M Soerensen, Steen Buntzen, Karl M Bek, Søren LaurbergThis cohort study followed women for over 20 years to assess the long-term effects of complete anal sphincter tears during childbirth. Researchers compared 125 women who experienced such a tear with 238 women who gave b…
Anal sphincter injury; Fecal incontinence; Quality of life.