Research.
Every peer-reviewed study on fascia in one place — graded for strength of evidence, summarised in plain language for clinicians, researchers, and curious patients.
We grade studies from A to 1A+++ using the Fascia Research Database rubric — 1A+++ is the strongest.
- A2014
Clinical Relevance of Fascial Tissue and Dysfunctions
Werner Klingler, M Velders, K Hoppe, M Pedro, Robert SchleipFascia is a continuous network of connective tissue that supports the entire body. Traditionally seen as a passive structure, recent research shows it plays a more active role. Fascia contains contractile elements that…
fasciaMyofascial painlumbar fasciadysfunction - A2014
Mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis
Jay D Humphrey, Eric R Dufresne, Martin A SchwartzConnective tissues are dynamic, constantly adapting even at rest. Cells within these tissues continually sense mechanical cues from their environment through a process called mechanotransduction. In response, they maint…
fasciaextracellular matrixIntegrinsmechanosensingmechanoregulation - A2014
Lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns in three stances under graded loading conditions: Proposing a tensegrity model for load transfer through the sacroiliac joints
Hamed Pardehshenas, Nader Maroufi, Mohammad Ali Sanjari, Mohamad Parnianpour, Stephen M LevinResearchers investigated how lumbopelvic muscles activate to stabilize the sacroiliac (SI) joints under different loads. They compared muscle activity in 30 men during two-legged and one-legged standing while holding we…
fasciasacroiliac jointload transferwire-spoke wheel modelarch theory; Self-bracing - A++2014
The Role of Functional Foods in Cutaneous Anti-aging
Soyun ChoThis narrative review examines how functional foods and oral supplements may influence skin aging by addressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Research suggests that compounds such as carotenoids, aloe vera, red gin…
Anti-oxidant; Collagen; Functional foods; Photoaging - A2014
Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Protects Skin Fibroblasts against Apoptosis Induced by Environmental Stress
Yan Wang, Mark E Lauer, Sanjay Anand, Judith A Mack, Edward V MaytinSkin fibroblasts need to manage environmental stress, such as UV radiation. This study on mouse cells investigated how hyaluronan (HA) and the enzymes that produce it help fibroblasts survive. Researchers found that cel…
Apoptosis; Caspase; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblast; Hyaluronan; Skin; Stress. - A++2014
Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
E Proksch, D Segger, J Degwert, M Schunck, V Zague, S OesserThis double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of daily collagen peptide supplementation in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Participants received either porcine or bovine collagen, or a place…
skin agingCollagen hydrolysatecollagen peptidesskin health. - 1A+2014
The Medium of Haptic Perception: A Tensegrity Hypothesis
Michael T Turvey, Sérgio T FonsecaIn this theoretical paper, the authors propose a new hypothesis for how our sense of touch, or haptic perception, works. Unlike other senses that have a clear medium (like air for sound), the haptic system lacks one. Th…
fasciaConnective tissuecytoskeletonhaptic systemmultifractal tensegrity - A+2014
The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases
Sami F Khalil, Mas S Mohktar, Fatimah IbrahimBioimpedance analysis is a noninvasive, low cost and a commonly used approach for body composition measurements and assessment of clinical condition. There are a variety of methods applied for interpretation of measured…
bioimpedance analysis; body composition; clinical status monitoring; diseases diagnostic and prediction - A++2014
Ingested hyaluronan moisturizes dry skin
Chinatsu Kawada, Takushi Yoshida, Hideto Yoshida, Ryosuke Matsuoka, Wakako Sakamoto, Wataru Odanaka, Toshihide Sato, Ta…This review article summarizes research on how oral hyaluronan (HA) supplements may influence skin hydration levels. Studies suggest that a daily intake of 120–240 mg of hyaluronic acid can contribute to increased moist…
hyaluronanhaHyaluronic acidSkinsupplementation - B2014
Altered Gene Transcription in Human Cells Treated with Ludox® Silica Nanoparticles
Caterina Fede, Caterina Millino, Beniamina Pacchioni, Barbara Celegato, Chiara Compagnin, Paolo Martini, Francesco Selv…This in vitro study investigated how human lung cells react to exposure to Ludox® silica nanoparticles, which are common in industrial and biomedical applications. Using genetic analysis, researchers observed that the c…
nanoparticles (NPs); cell toxicity; microarray gene expression; pathway analysis - A2014
Contractile elements in muscular fascial tissue – implications for in-vitro contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia
K Hoppe, Robert Schleip, F Lehmann-Horn, Heike J€ager, Werner KlinglerMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but serious reaction to general anesthesia, diagnosed using a test on a skeletal muscle biopsy. Since muscle samples also contain fascia, which has contractile cells called myofibro…
myofibroblastsmalignant hyperthermiafascial tissuecontraction - B2014
Neuroreceptor Activation by Vibration-Assisted Tunneling
Ross D Hoehn, David Nichols, Hartmut Neven, Sabre KaisThis theoretical study used quantum chemical modeling to explore how receptors in the nervous system get activated. The researchers propose a model where a molecule's specific vibrations, like a musical key, may be what…
fasciag-proteinpharmacologyGPCRssilicopotency - A2014
A decorin-deficient matrix affects skin chondroitin/dermatan sulfate levels and keratinocyte function
Katerina Nikolovska, Jana K Renke, Oliver Jungmann, Kay Grobe, Renato V Iozzo, Alina D Zamfir, Daniela G SeidlerThis study in mice investigated how the absence of a proteoglycan called decorin affects skin structure and function. Researchers found that mice lacking decorin had an altered composition of other sugar molecules (chon…
extracellular matrixDecorinSLRPDermatan sulfateFibroblast growth factor - A2014
Mapping Sensory Nerve Communications Between Peripheral Nerve Territories
ADIL LADAK, R SHANE TUBBS, ROBERT J SPINNERIn this literature review, researchers examined the traditional maps of skin sensation, known as dermatomes. They searched for evidence of direct communications between sensory nerves from different, adjacent spinal ner…
dermatomes; nerve; communications; map; cutaneous; sensory - A2014
Biotensegrity of the extracellular matrix: physiology, dynamic mechanical balance, and implications in oncology and mechanotherapy
Irene Tadeo, Ana P Berbegall, Luis M Escudero,Tomás Álvaro, Rosa NogueraThis 2014 review article explores the concept of biotensegrity, a principle where cells and tissues maintain structural integrity through a balance of tension and compression. This dynamic mechanical balance involves th…
fasciaextracellular matrixcancerbiotensegritymechanotherapy - A++2014
New perspective in cell communication: Potential role of ultra-weak photon emission
Ankush Prasad, Claudio Rossi, Stefania Lamponi, Pavel Pospíšil, Alberto FolettiThis 2014 narrative review explores how cells might communicate with each other. Beyond chemical signals and direct contact, the authors discuss evidence for communication via electromagnetic radiation, specifically ult…
fasciabiophotonsUltra-weak photon emissioncellular interactionbiocommunication - B2013
TGF-β: Guardian of T Cell Function
Soyoung A Oh, Ming O LiIn this review article, the authors discuss the role of the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) in the immune system. TGF-β is critical for regulating T cells, a type of white blood cell central to the adap…
cytokinesimmune systemTGF-betaT-cells - A+++2013
Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection
Yejin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Seyeon Bae, Jiwon Choi, Sun Young Lim, Naeun Lee, Joo Myung Kong, Young-il Hwang, Jae Seung Kang…This animal study investigated how vitamin C affects the immune response to influenza A virus (H3N2). Researchers used mice that, like humans, cannot synthesize their own vitamin C. When these mice were made vitamin C-d…
immune responseVitamin Cantiviralinfluenza Ainterferon alfa/beta - A2013
Cellular Control of Connective Tissue Matrix Tension
H M Langevin, M Nedergaard, A HoweThis review article explores how fibroblasts, the cells within connective tissue, actively help regulate tissue tension. Traditionally, the mechanical properties of connective tissue have been attributed to its passive…
Connective tissuefibroblastmechanicalatpcytoskeleton - B2013
Vitamin C further improves the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on acute hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes
ANTONIO CERIELLO, ANNA NOVIALS, EMILIO ORTEGA, SILVIA CANIVELL, LUCIA LA SALA, GEMMA PUJADAS, LOREDANA BUCCIARELLI, MAU…Acute low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in people with type 1 diabetes can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and damage to the lining of blood vessels. This study investigated whether the hormone GLP-1 and vitamin C co…
Oxidative stressdiabetesVitamin C - A+2013
Local vitamin-C Injection Reduced Tendon Adhesion in a Chicken Model of Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Injury
Leung-Kim Hung, Sai-Chuen Fu, Yuk-Wa Lee, Tsui-Yu Mok, Kai-Ming ChanThis animal study investigated whether vitamin C could reduce scar tissue formation after a tendon injury. Researchers injured a flexor tendon in chickens and then injected either vitamin C or a saline solution at the s…
Vitamin Chealing tendonadhesion - A++2013
Squeeze film lubrication for non-Newtonian fluids with application to manual medicine
Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Max Roman, Antonio Stecco, Thomas FindleyResearchers used a mathematical model to investigate how manual therapy affects the fluid in and around fascia. The model focused on hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural lubricant in connective tissue. The results suggest th…
fasciaHyaluronic acidmassage therapyvibrationsmanual manipulation - A2013
Direct magnetic resonance (MR) shoulder arthrography: posterior approach under ultrasonographic guidance and abduction (PAUGA
R F Grasso, E Faiella, P Cimini, R L Cazzato, G Luppi, F Martina, R Del Vescovo, B Beomonte ZobelThis study evaluated a specific technique, called PAUGA, for injecting contrast dye into the shoulder joint before an MRI scan (MR arthrography). Researchers used ultrasound to guide a needle from the back of the should…
ShoulderDirect MR arthrographyUS guidance - A++2013
The application of matrix rhythm therapy as a new clinical modality in burn physiotherapy programmes
Zübeyir Sarı, Mine Gülden Polat, Bahar Özgül, Onur Aydogdu, Burcu Camcıoglu, Ahmet Hakan Acar, Saadet Ufuk YurdalanThis study investigated the use of Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT) as part of a physiotherapy program for patients with upper extremity burn injuries. A group of patients received a treatment protocol that included whirlpoo…
Matrix Rhythm TherapyBurnsPhysiotherapy and rehabilitation - A++2013
Mathematical Analysis of the Flow of Hyaluronic Acid Around Fascia During Manual Therapy Motions
Max Roman, Hans Chaudhry, Bruce Bukiet, Antonio Stecco,Thomas FindleyThis study used a mathematical model to simulate how different manual therapy techniques affect the flow of hyaluronic acid (HA) within fascia. The researchers compared constant sliding, perpendicular vibration, and tan…
hyaluronanfasciaManual Therapyfluid flowvibration - A+2013
The myofibroblast matrix: implications for tissue repair and fibrosis
Franco Klingberg, Boris Hinz, Eric S WhiteThis review explores the role of myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue repair and fibrosis. The ECM is not just a passive scaffold for cells, but an active tissue with its own bioactive properties.…
ECM; myofibroblast; fibrosis - A++2013
Vibration Induced Osteogenic Commitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced by Cytoskeletal Remodeling but not Fluid Shear
Gunes Uzer, Suphannee Pongkitwitoon, M Ete Chan, Stefan JudexThis laboratory study investigated how mechanical vibrations encourage stem cells to develop into bone cells. Researchers tested two potential mechanisms: the force of fluid moving across the cells (fluid shear) and cha…
fasciaBonedifferentiationProliferationvibrations - A++2013
Implementation of Matrix Rhythm Therapy and Conventional Massage in Young Females and Comparison of Their Acute Effects on Circulation
Ferruh Taspinar, Ummuhan Bas Aslan, Nuran Sabir, Ugur CavlakThis randomized controlled trial compared the acute effects of Matrix Rhythm Therapy and conventional massage on lower leg blood circulation in young, healthy women. Fifteen participants received a single 30-minute sess…
fascia - A2013
Histological examination of the human obliquus capitis inferior myodural bridge
Matthew E Pontella, Frank Scali, Dennis E Enix, Patrick J Battaglia, Ewarld MarshallThis cadaver study examined the connection between a deep neck muscle, the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI), and the dura mater, the tough outer layer covering the spinal cord. Researchers dissected tissue from eight cad…
fasciacervical spineMyodural Bridgeobliquus capitis inferiordura - A2013
Histological analysis of the rectus capitis posterior major’s myodural bridge
Frank Scali, Matthew E Pontell, Dennis E Enix, Ewarld MarshallThis cadaver study investigated a small tissue bridge between a suboccipital muscle (rectus capitis posterior major) and the dura mater, the protective covering of the spinal cord. Using microscopic analysis on tissue f…
fasciacervical spinerectus capitis posterior majorMyodural Bridgecervical dura mater - A2013
Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future
Byung-Cheon Lee, Walter J Akers, Xianghong Jing, M Isabel Miguel Perez, Yeonhee RyuAs only the title of this article was available, this summary is necessarily limited. The title, "Primo Vascular System: Past, Present, and Future," suggests this is a review article. It likely covers the history of the…
fasciaprimo vascular systemeditorial - A+2013
R-Spondin 1 promotes vibration-induced bone formation in mouse models of osteoporosis
Haitao Wang, Tracy A Brennan, Elizabeth Russell, Jung-Hoon Kim, Kevin P Egan, Qijun Chen, Craig Israelite, David C Schu…This animal study on mice investigated how mechanical signals, like vibration, can stimulate bone growth. Researchers identified proteins secreted by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in response to vibration. They fo…
Mechanical signals; vibration; R-spondin 1; telomerase; telomere; aging; osteoporosis; mesenchymal stem cells - 1A+2013
History of Bioelectrical Study and the Electrophysiology of the Primo Vascular System
Sang Hyun Park, Eung Hwi Kim, Ho Jong Chang, Seung Zhoo Yoon, Ji Woong Yoon, Seong-Jin Cho, Yeon-Hee RyuThis review paper summarizes the history of research on the bioelectrical properties of the primo vascular system (PVS), also known as the Bonghan system. This system has been proposed as a novel circulatory system in t…
primo vascular systemelectrophysiologybioelectrical signals - A+2013
Exercise training initiated in late middle age attenuates cardiac fibrosis and advanced glycation end-product accumulation in senescent rats
Kathryn J Wright, Melissa M Thomas, Andrew C Betik, Darrell Belke, Russell T HeppleThis animal study investigated if exercise started later in life could still benefit the aging heart. Researchers had late middle-aged rats begin treadmill training and continue into old age, comparing them to sedentary…
%BF; AGE; ANOVA; Advanced glycation end-products; Aging; DXA; ECM; ET; Endurance exercise; F344BNF1; Fibrosis; Fischer 344 Brown Norway F1 hybrid rat; GAPDH; Heart; LV; MMP; Matrix metalloproteinases; RT-PCR; TIMP; TTBS; Tris-buffered saline (+0.5% Tween); WGA; advanced glycation end-product; analysis of variance; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; exercise training; extracellular matrix; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; left ventricle; matrix metalloproteinase; percent body fat; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; wheat germ agglutinin. - A+2013
The effect of acute exercise on collagen turnover in human tendons: influence of prior immobilization period
L Moerch, J Pingel, M Boesen, M Kjaer, Henning LangbergResearchers investigated how a period of immobility affects the Achilles tendon's response to exercise. In this study, eight healthy men had one leg immobilized for two weeks while the other was used normally. Afterward…
Immobilization ! Power Doppler ! Blood flow velocity ! Procollagen type I N-terminal peptide ! Microdialysis - A2013
The Primo Vascular System as a New Anatomical System
Miroslav Stefanov, Michael Potroz, Jungdae Kim, Jake Lim, Richard Cha, Min-Ho NamThis review paper proposes the existence of a "primo vascular system" (PVS) as the physical, anatomical basis for the meridian system of traditional Eastern medicine. According to the authors, this previously unknown sy…
fasciaEvolutioncirculatory systemnew morphologicalfunctional theory - A2013
Cellulite's aetiology: a review
M de la Casa Almeida, Suarez Serrano, J Rebollo Roldán, J J Jiménez RejanoIn this literature review, researchers examined the underlying causes of cellulite. They found that cellulite is a complex phenomenon with many interacting factors, rather than a single cause. The research points to wom…
Connective tissuecellulites - B2013
The resolution of inflammation
Christopher D Buckley, Derek W Gilroy, Charles N Serhan, Brigitta Stockinger, Paul P TakThis article summarizes a discussion from a scientific conference on how to turn off undesirable inflammation. There is a growing appreciation that the resolution of inflammation, much like its initiation, is an active…
inflammationresolution - A2013
Fascia Research Congress Evidence from the 100 year perspective of Andrew Taylor Still
Thomas W Findley, Mona ShalwalaThis review paper examines research from the first three International Fascia Research Congresses through the perspective of Andrew Taylor Still, the founder of osteopathic medicine. Over a century ago, Still described…
fasciaextracellular matrixfibroblastOsteopathic medicinefascia anatomy - A++2013
Air ions and mood outcomes: a review and meta-analysis
Vanessa Perez, Dominik D Alexander, William H BaileyThis review and meta-analysis examined 33 studies to investigate how air ions affect human psychological states. The authors found no consistent effects of positive or negative ionization on anxiety, general mood, relax…
systematic reviewepidemiologyMood disordersDepressionAir ionization - A2013
Metabolic control of hyaluronan synthases
Davide Vigetti, Manuela Viola, Evgenia Karousou, Giancarlo De Luca, Alberto PassiThis narrative review explores how a cell's energy and nutritional status regulate the production of hyaluronan (HA), a key component of the extracellular matrix. HA is synthesized by enzymes called HAS, which require s…
fasciaGlycosaminoglycanO-GlcNacylationUDP-GlcUAUDP-GlcNA - B2013
Hyaluronic acid production and molecular weight improvement by redirection of carbon flux towards its biosynthesis pathway
Mihir V Shah, Sneh S Badle, K B RamachandranResearchers investigated how to optimize the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) in bacteria. In the bacterium *Streptococcus zooepidemicus*, HA production competes for the same nutrients as other processes like cell gro…
Hyaluronic acidMetabolic flux analysisBatch processingBioreactorsProduction kinetics - A2013
Hyaluronan: A Simple Polysaccharide with Diverse Biological Functions
Kevin T Dicker, Lisa A Gurski, Swati Pradhan-Bhatt, Robert L Witt, Mary C Farach-Carson, Xinqiao JiaThis review paper describes hyaluronan (HA), a simple sugar molecule found abundantly throughout the body's connective tissues. Despite its simple structure, HA has a surprising array of biological functions. It helps o…
hyaluronanfasciawound healingsynthasehyaluronidase - A2013
Applications and Emerging Trends of Hyaluronic Acid in Tissue Engineering, as a Dermal Filler, and in Osteoarthritis Treatment
Amir Fakhari, Cory BerklandThis narrative review summarizes knowledge about hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polymer found in the body's connective tissues and fluids. The authors describe how HA contributes to the structural propertie…
fasciaHyaluronic acidcrosslinkingdermal fillerviscosupplement - C2013
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan as a cell-surface endocytosis receptor
Helena C Christianson, Mattias BeltingIn this review, the authors discuss how large molecules enter the body's cells. They focus on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), a type of molecule on the cell surface that acts as a receptor or docking station. Man…
GlycosaminoglycanExosomesDrug deliveryMacromoleculesMembrane transport - A2013
Molecular assembly and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix: A fibrous protein perspective
Lisa D Muiznieks, Fred W KeeleyThis review article examines the extracellular matrix (ECM), the dynamic network of molecules surrounding our cells. The authors focus on fibrous proteins like collagen and elastin, which form the structural backbone of…
fasciaextracellular matrixcollageneastinself-assembly - A2013
Heparan sulfate in the nucleus and its control of cellular functions
Mark D Stewart, Ralph D SandersonThis narrative review discusses the roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) inside the cell nucleus. These molecules are typically found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they help regula…
ProteoglycanSyndecan-1Nuclear localizationChromatin modificationProliferation - A2013
Purine receptor mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling of human fibroblasts
Nanna Goldman, Devin Chandler-Militello, Helene Langevin, Maiken Nedergaard, Takahiro TakanoThis laboratory study investigated how certain molecules, called purines, affect human fibroblast cells. Previous research has shown that acupuncture can trigger the release of purines like ATP. The researchers exposed…
fasciacytoskeletonacupunctureFibroblastscalcium signaling - A+++2013
The 17-β-oestradiol inhibits osteoclast activity by increasing the cannabinoid CB2 receptor expression
Francesca Rossi, Giulia Bellini, Livio Luongo, Silvia Mancusi, Marco Torella, Chiara Tortora, Iolanda Manzo, Francesca…This in vitro study investigated how 17-β-oestradiol (estrogen) affects osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. The researchers found that estrogen inhibits the formation and activity of these cells by i…
cannabinoidsosteoporosis - A2013
A pilot study of myofascial release therapy compared to Swedish massage in Fibromyalgia
Ginevra Liptan, Scott Mist, Cheryl Wright, Anna Arzt, Kim Dupree JonesThis small pilot study compared the effects of myofascial release (MFR) and Swedish massage on women with fibromyalgia. Participants received either MFR or Swedish massage for 90 minutes weekly over four weeks. While bo…
fasciaMyofascial releaseFibromyalgiamassage therapycentral sensitization - A2013
Helical Structure of the Cardiac Ventricular Anatomy Assessed by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Multiresolution Tractography
Ferran Poveda, Debora Gil, Enric Marti, Albert,aluz, Manel Ballester, Francesc CarrerasIn this animal study, researchers used advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer modeling to visualize the complex fiber structure of the heart muscle in dogs. They developed an automated method to trace th…
fasciaheartifdfusion magnetic resonance imagingdiffusion tractographyhelical heart - B2013
Cranial nerves XIII and XIV: nerves in the shadows
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis narrative review discusses two often-overlooked cranial nerves: the terminal nerve (XIII) and the intermediate nerve (XIV). The authors note that while these nerves have been known for over a century, they are freq…
cranial nervefacial nervetrigeminal systemTolosa-Hunt syndrome - B2013
CCN2: a mechanosignaling sensor modulating integrin-dependent connective tissue remodeling in fibroblasts?
Andrew LeaskMechanical tension is essential for the function and health of connective tissue. In skin fibroblasts, the protein integrin β1 plays a key role in adhesion and in regulating healing and fibrosis (scarring). This theoret…
fibrosismechanotransductionIntegrinsCCN2CTGF - A2013
Anatomic connections of the diaphragm: influence of respiration on the body system
Bruno Bordoni, Emiliano ZanierThis review article explains why the diaphragm muscle is a critical crossroads of information for the entire body. The authors describe its extensive anatomical, fascial, and neurological connections, which link it to s…
fasciadiaphragmPelvisphrenic nervevagus nerve - C2013
Of Mice, Men and Elephants: The Relation between Articular Cartilage Thickness and Body Mass
Jos Malda, Janny C de Grauw, Kim E M Benders, Marja J L Kik, Chris H A van de Lest, Laura B Creemers, Wouter J A Dhert,…This study investigated how articular cartilage adapts to body size across different mammals. Researchers analyzed cartilage from the knee joints of 58 species, ranging from mice to elephants. They found that while cart…
fasciamammalsarticular cartilagetissue ticknessosteochondral cores - C2013
What Lies Beneath: Sub-Articular Long Bone Shape Scaling in Eutherian Mammals and Saurischian Dinosaurs Suggests Different Locomotor Adaptations for Gigantism
Matthew F Bonnan, D Ray Wilhite, Simon L Masters, Adam M Yates, Christine K Gardner, Adam AguiarThis study explored why giant dinosaurs were more common than giant mammals by examining their joint structures. Researchers compared the long bones of large mammals like elephants and rhinos with those of saurischian d…
fasciaeutherian mammalsdinosaursherbivoresgiant mammals - A2013
Training principles for fascial connective tissues: Scientific foundation and suggested practical applications
Robert Schleip, Divo Gitta MüllerConventional sports training often emphasizes muscles, cardiovascular conditioning, and coordination, yet most overload injuries occur within the body's connective tissue network, or fascia. This review article proposes…
fasciaStretchingfascial netCollagen renewalelastic recoil - A2013
Visceral and Somatic Disorders: Tissue Softening with Frequency-Specific Microcurrent
Carolyn R McMakin, James L OschmanThis review article explores a technique called Frequency-Specific Microcurrent (FSM), which uses microampere-level electrical currents to treat various health conditions. A consistent finding is a rapid and palpable so…
fasciafrequency-specific microcurrentvisceral diseasesomatic disease - A2013
Earthing (Grounding) the Human Body Reduces Blood Viscosity—a Major Factor in Cardiovascular Disease
Gaétan Chevalier, Stephen T Sinatra, James L Oschman, Richard M DelanyThis small study investigated how direct physical contact with the earth, known as 'grounding' or 'earthing', affects blood properties. Ten healthy participants were grounded for two hours using conductive patches on th…
fasciaearthinggroundingearth surface electronscardiovasclar disease - A2013
Dosed Myofascial Release in Three-Dimensional Bioengineered Tendons: Effects on Human Fibroblast Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Cytokine Secretion
Thanh V Cao, Michael R Hicks, David Campbell, Paul R StandleyThis laboratory study investigated how different amounts and durations of simulated myofascial release (MFR) affect lab-grown human tendon tissue. Researchers applied varying degrees of stretch for different lengths of…
fasciamusculoskeletal manipulationsFibroblaststendons