Lymfsystemet är viktigt för ditt immunförsvar!
Lymfsystemet hjälper till med vätskebalansen, hjälper till att transportera näring och avfallsämnen och är en viktigt del i vårt imunförsvar.
Vad är lymfystemet?
- Lymfsystemet består av ett nätverk av lymfkärl och olika lymforgan som lymfknutor, thymus, mjälten, tonsiller och lymfatisk vävnad i slemhinnor.
- Lymfa är den flytande vävnad som förflyttas i lymfkärlsystemets nätverk.
- Förenklat så är blodets plasma, vävnadsvätska och lymfa samma grundvätska men på olika ställen och med olika innehåll av näring, slagg, celler mm.
Hur fungerar lymfsystemet?
- Lymfan bildas då blodets plasma pressas ut i början av de minsta blodkapillärerna, för att lämna näring och syre till cellerna.
- Plasman hamnar nu i vävnaden och vätskeflödet mellan cellerna, det vi kallar det extracellulära utrymmet, i fascians grundsubstans eller det interstitiella flödet.
- Efter utbytet med cellerna ska proteiner, fetter, döda celler, avfall och skräp, ihop med vätska, föras tillbaka till blodbanorna, vilket sker med hjälp av lymfsystemet.
- En del blir kvar och det måste hela tiden vara ett vätskeflöde kvar mellan cellerna, men för att det inte ska bli för mycket kvar och bli ett förhöjt tryck i vävnaden så finns lymfkärlsystemet som ett dränagesystem.
- Överflödig vävnadsvätska sugs upp av lymfsystemets allra minsta kärl, lymfkapillärerna, som börjar blint i vävnaden, och nu kallas vätskan istället lymfa.
- Lymfan transporteras iväg till större och större uppsamlingskärl, ungefär som ett sugande rotsystem till ett träd, och så småningom vidare mot hjärtat för att tömmas i två vener, före hjärtats högra förmak.
- Nu är vätskan tillbaka i blodcirkulationen.
Varför är lymfsystemet så viktigt?
Lymfsystemet upprätthåller på det här sättet homeostasen i vävnaden utanför kärlen, den extravaskulära homeostasen, genom en enkelriktad flödestransport från interstitiella utrymmet (flödet i grundsubstansen) tillbaka till blodcirkulationen.
Kroppen producerar två till tre liter lymfa per dygn, mer då vi utsätts för belastning som träning, värme eller inflammationsprocesser.
Blir det stopp i lymfflödet, t ex på grund av skada, så att lymfan inte transporteras bort i samma takt som den produceras så ökar trycket i vävnaden och det uppstår svullnader och ödem.
Lymforganen och annan lymfatisk vävnad är en viktig del av kroppens immunförsvar, då lymfocyterna, celler i det specifika immunförsvaret, mognar i olika lymforgan.
Förutom vatten kan lymfan innehålla vita blodceller, tumörceller, döda celler, proteiner, fettmolekyler, patogener och andra antigener som funnits i den interstitiella vätskan. På sin väg tillbaka till vensystemet och blodet, passerar lymfan genom lymfknutor eller lymfnoder (lymfkörtlar är fel uttryck då det inte är en körtel).
Lymfknutorna kan förekomma enskilt eller sammanhopade i grupper. Sådana stora ansamlingar finns i armhålor och ljumskar.
Lymfsystemet är ett öppet (börjar blint i vävnaden), sugande system och har ingen egentlig pump som hjärtat i blodcirkulationen. Det är därmed ett trögare och långsammare system än blodsystemet, blodet förflyttas ca 600 ggr fortare än lymfan.
Lymfkärlen har en viss förmåga att kontrahera, kärlväggarna innehåller glatt muskulatur, och därmed pressa lymfvätskan uppåt mot hjärtat. De har dessutom ett klaffsystem som ska hindra återflöde, som backventiler. Klaffarna saknas i de minsta kapillärerna.
Skelettmuskulaturens kontraktioner trycker på lymfkärlen och pressar också lymfan uppåt, förbi klaffarna.
Även andning, artärernas puls och tarmarnas peristaltik hjälper till att öka lymfflödet.
Sammanfattar vi lymfsystemets uppgifter så blir det så här;
- Dränerar bort överflödig vätska i vävnaden och hjälper därmed till med vätskebalansen.
- Viktig del i immunförsvaret då vita blodceller av olika slag finns i lymfa och lymfknutor där främmande inkräktare, döda eller skadade celler tas om hand.
- Hjälper till att transportera näring och avfallsämnen till och från vävnader
- Av Camilla Ranje Nordin, Lärare i Fasciakunskap & Fasciabehandling
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