Vad består fascia av?
Vår kropp består av celler och det som är utanför cellerna, den extracellulära matrisen (ECM). De celler som finns I fascian producerar, kontrollerar och underhåller alla de molekyler och komponenter som finns i ECM. Man kan säga att ECM består av två delar, en fast fiberdel och en flytande del som kallas grundsubstans.
Celler
- Fibroblaster – producerar kollagen, elastin, kolhydrater, signalproteiner, enzyme mm, allt efter de mekaniska krafter som fascian utsätts för, t ex tryck och vibrationer. Fibroblaster bygger upp, bryter ner, och underhåller ECM.
- Fasciacyter – producerar hyaluronsyra till grundsubstansen. Dessa ligger placerade nära, längs med ytskikten av fascians olika glidlager och även i endomysiet (det tunna fasciahöljet runt varje muskelfiber).
- Immunceller – T-celler, mast-celler, makrofager, lymfocyter mm.
- Myofibroblaster – Fibroblaster kan vid behov omvandlas till myofibroblaster, celler som har förmåga att kontrahera. Den egenskapen behövs vid läkning då till exempel ett sår ska dras ihop, så de deltar i den inflammatoriska processen.
- Telocyter – en ny cell som upptäckts i fascia och som presenterades 2016, av Cretoiu et al. En cell som är känslig för mekanisk stimulans och som verkar vara vital för många fysiologiska processer. Den verkar vara delaktig i kommunikation mellan celler. Fascia är ett kontinuerligt nätverk som snabbt förmedlar signaler mellan celler (Langevin 2006, Oschman 2003).
- Adipocyter – eller fettceller. Producerar fettvävnad (kroppsfett), vilket är en komponent i den lösa fascian. De lagrar energi och de har också en viktig endokrin funktion (hormoner).
Fiberproteiner
- Kollagen – Kroppens vanligaste protein. Typ I och III är de som man hittar mest av i fascia och de formar fibrer som ska motstå spänning/sträckning och kunna anpassa sig till den mekaniska kraft som vävnaden utsätts för. Kollagenfibrerna ger draghållfasthet (typ I starkast) och struktur till vävnaden.
- Elastin – Är ett mer elastiskt protein som ger elasticitet och spänst till vävnaden. Finns främst i elastiskt brosk, lös fascia, hud, lungor, kärlväggar, men även i mindre mängder i senor och ligament för att ge en återfjädrande, spänstigare egenskap till vävnaden.
- Reticulin – Formas av kollagen III fibrer. Skapar det mjukare kollagena nätverket kring organ och i endomysiet runt varje muskelfiber.
Grundsubstansen
Den flytande delen av fascia. Huvudbeståndsdelar är HA och andra GAG, och PG.
- Glukosaminoglycaner – GAG – långa, stora polysackarider uppbyggda av sekvenser med disackarider. Resorberar stora mängder vatten. Tillsammans med kollagenets styrka ger GAG egenskaper att stå emot compression. Inkluderar hyaluronsyra, kondroitinsulfat, dermatansulfat, heparansulfat, heparin and keratansulfat.
- Proteoglykaner – PG – bildas då GAG binds till en proteinkedja. Peptider som binder vatten. Ger stötdämpande egenskaper.
- Hyaluronsyra – HA – Hyaluronsyra (är trots namnet inte en syra) klassas som en icke svavelhaltig GAG. Det är kroppens största polysackarid och hittas i alla ryggradsdjur.
- Linkproteiner – till exempel integriner, kopplar ihop molekyler I ECM, t ex kollagen, med aktinfibrer inuti cellerna, cytoskelettet, cellernas skelett..
- Kollagenas – Ett enzyme som bryter ner och delar på kollagenmolekyler. Produceras av fibroblaster då det behövs.
- Integriner – Linkproteiner i cellmembranet gör så att molekyler i ECM kan fästa till cellerna. Skapar kommunikation cell till cell och ECM till cell. Aktiverar signalomvandling från ECM via cellskelettet till cellkärnan.
- Growth factors – Tillväxtfaktorer, signalmolekyler mellan celler, t ex cytokiner och hormoner. Stimulerar och reglerar cellfunktion, som t ex celltillväxt och celldelning. De binder till specifika cellreceptorer på målcellernas yta.
- Av Camilla Ranje Nordin, Lärare i Fasciakunskap & Fasciabehandling
Läs mer om Fascians anatomi & fysiologi
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Guimberteau
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Fascia and The Living Body
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Get a deeper introduction to new Fascia Research with the 2018 German documentary ”The mysterious world under the skin”.
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In early 2013, a German documentary was broadcast based on the latest research on the Fascia. It provides a very basic introduction for newcomers. To help you get a quick overview of Fascia, we have cut together a 10 minute version.
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Fascia research has sparked an ongoing global revolution in the anatomical research field. In The Fascia Guide Research Database we have gathered hundreds of research articles about fascia.
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Frequently Asked Questions about Fascia
On the Fascia Guide FAQ we have gathered the most common questions and answers about Fascia. Is there anything you would like to know? Visit the page and submit your question.
New Fascia Research has taken us back to an observing stage
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Are my problems related to Fascia?
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Is fascia affected by sex hormones?
Banbrytande ny forskning visar hur kollagenproduktionen över hela kroppen påverkas av könshormoner, som t ex östrogen. Läs mer här