Depression and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure, 2018
Topics: anxiety • baroreceptors • chronic heart failure • diaphragm • depression • inflammatory cytokines • phrenic nerve • psychiatric disorders • rehabilitation • vagus nerve
Authors: Bruno Bordoni, Fabiola Marelli , Bruno Morabito & Beatrice Sacconi
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive, debilitating disease, resulting in a decline in the quality of life of the patients and in very high social economic costs. CHF is a complex disease, whose diagnosis is made based on physical examination of the patient by the physician, and based on medical history including symptoms such as congestion and/or hypoperfusion of the organs [1]. It is defined as the inability of the heart to supply the oxygen demands by the peripheral organs, causing negative effects on all the body systems [2]. Patients affected by CHF often have a low quality of life, and most of the patients have a short life expectancy, with high mortality rate within 5 years from diagnosis [3]. Current data estimate that 5.8 million people in America are currently affected, and about 23 million people worldwide. However, considering that the average age of the population is rising thanks to advances in the medical treatment for cardiovascular diseases, the number of patients diagnosed with CHF is expected to increase in the coming years [4]. Fatigue and intolerance to exercise are the most obvious clinical manifestations in patients with CHF [5]. Other comorbidities are commonly observed, such as depression and anxiety [6]. The focus of the present article is to discuss the potential correlation between the above-mentioned comorbidities, CHF and the diaphragmatic innervation and functionality. It has been demonstrated that some psychiatric behaviors can have impact on the survival rate, as discussed in the paragraphs below. In this article the authors hypothesize that the dysfunction of the diaphragm often detectable in this chronic condition can have a role in the occurrence of these comorbidities. In the field of respiratory and cardiac rehabilitation, it has been demonstrated that an improvement of the respiratory activity can lead to an improved emotional status
Related research articles
What is fascia and in what way does fascia change the whole way of looking at the body?
Fascia is a network of connective tissue, without beginning and end, which encloses everything in the whole body, from muscles and bones, to organs and cells. But what does that mean?
Is cancer fascia related? New insights presented in Boston 2015
New research leads to insights and by looking at the body in a completely new way we get new perspectives and explanations to symptoms and diseases. At the 2015 Joint Conference on Acupuncture, Oncology and Fascia in Boston, research was presented regarding Fascia and Cancer
How do we learn to understand Fascia?
Fascia is a new perspective, a completely new way of looking at the body, a new way of conducting research and a new way of understanding the world. So how do you learn to understand Fascia?
The immune system: How it works & how to boost it
You probably know that the immune system is our defensive wall protecting us from the threats from the outside world – but do you know how it works and how to boost it?
We have been preparing our whole lives to NOT be able to understand the importance of fascia
To truly understand Fascia, you must understand the whole. But how do you do that if you have trained all your life to divide and separate?
The discovery of a new cell at the 2018 Fascia Research Congress in Berlin
Fascia research has sparked a wildfire of new insights that are challenging conventional belief about how the body works – and the latest insights are presented at the 2018 Fascia Research Congress in Berlin.
To understand Fascia we need to cross the bridge & see things from another perspective
Exclusive interview with Gil Headly explaining how Fascia changes the perspective on how we look at the body at the 2015 Fascia Research Congress in Washington DC.
What is Biotensegrity? Interview with Dr. Stephen Levin
Exclusive interview with Dr Stephen Levin, the worlds leading expert on Biotensegrity, at the Fascia Research Congress 2015.
Stress and sugar harms fascia functions
What we do know for sure is that the abundance of sugar has a negative effect on the fascia and makes it less elastic. Stress also affects the fascia in a disadvantageous way
The importance of vitamin C in pregnancy, childbirth and jaundice in newborns.
Vitamin C has many different actions in the body. It is a coenzyme, which assist in various physiological processes in the body and it is a powerful antioxidant.